Checking For Error
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citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In information theory and coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunication, error detection and correction error checking vista or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable error checking windows 7 communication channels. Many communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to error checking excel a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while error correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases. Contents 1 Definitions 2 History 3 Introduction 4 Implementation 5 Error detection schemes 5.1 Repetition
Error Checking Utility
codes 5.2 Parity bits 5.3 Checksums 5.4 Cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) 5.5 Cryptographic hash functions 5.6 Error-correcting codes 6 Error correction 6.1 Automatic repeat request (ARQ) 6.2 Error-correcting code 6.3 Hybrid schemes 7 Applications 7.1 Internet 7.2 Deep-space telecommunications 7.3 Satellite broadcasting (DVB) 7.4 Data storage 7.5 Error-correcting memory 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Definitions[edit] The general definitions of the terms are as follows: Error detection error checking wiki is the detection of errors caused by noise or other impairments during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. Error correction is the detection of errors and reconstruction of the original, error-free data. History[edit] The modern development of error-correcting codes in 1947 is due to Richard W. Hamming.[1] A description of Hamming's code appeared in Claude Shannon's A Mathematical Theory of Communication[2] and was quickly generalized by Marcel J. E. Golay.[3] Introduction[edit] The general idea for achieving error detection and correction is to add some redundancy (i.e., some extra data) to a message, which receivers can use to check consistency of the delivered message, and to recover data determined to be corrupted. Error-detection and correction schemes can be either systematic or non-systematic: In a systematic scheme, the transmitter sends the original data, and attaches a fixed number of check bits (or parity data), which are derived from the data bits by some deterministic algorithm. If only error detection is required, a receiver can simply apply the same algorithm to the received data bits and compare its output with the received check bits; if the values do not match, an error has occurred at some point during the transmission. In a system that uses a non-systematic code, the original message is transformed into an encoded m
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