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For other uses, see Bell curve (disambiguation). Normal distribution Probability density function The red curve is the standard normal distribution Cumulative distribution function Notation N ( μ , σ 2 ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal σ 4}(\mu ,\,\sigma ^ σ 3)} Parameters μ ∈ R

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— mean (location) σ2 > 0 — variance (squared scale) Support x ∈ R generalized normal distribution r PDF 1 2 σ 2 π e − ( x − μ ) 2 2 σ 2 {\displaystyle {\frac σ 0{\sqrt − skewed generalized error distribution 9\pi }}}\,e^{-{\frac {(x-\mu )^ − 8} − 7}}}} CDF 1 2 [ 1 + erf ⁡ ( x − μ σ 2 ) ] {\displaystyle {\frac − 2 − 1}\left[1+\operatorname − 0 \left({\frac ⁡ 9{\sigma {\sqrt

Error Distribution Definition

⁡ 8}}}\right)\right]} Quantile μ + σ 2 erf − 1 ⁡ ( 2 F − 1 ) {\displaystyle \mu +\sigma {\sqrt ⁡ 2}\operatorname ⁡ 1 ^{-1}(2F-1)} Mean μ Median μ Mode μ Variance σ 2 {\displaystyle \sigma ^ − 8\,} Skewness 0 Ex. kurtosis 0 Entropy 1 2 ln ⁡ ( 2 σ 2 π e ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac − 6 − 5}\ln(2\sigma ^ − 4\pi \,e\,)} MGF exp ⁡ { μ t

Parametric Generalized Gaussian Density Estimation

+ 1 2 σ 2 t 2 } {\displaystyle \exp\{\mu t+{\frac − 0 σ 9}\sigma ^ σ 8t^ σ 7\}} CF exp ⁡ { i μ t − 1 2 σ 2 t 2 } {\displaystyle \exp\ σ 2 σ 1}\sigma ^ σ 0t^ μ 9\}} Fisher information ( 1 / σ 2 0 0 1 / ( 2 σ 4 ) ) {\displaystyle {\begin μ 41/\sigma ^ μ 3&0\\0&1/(2\sigma ^ μ 2)\end μ 1}} In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution. Normal distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known.[1][2] The normal distribution is useful because of the central limit theorem. In its most general form, under some conditions (which include finite variance), it states that averages of random variables independently drawn from independent distributions converge in distribution to the normal, that is, become normally distributed when the number of random variables is sufficiently large. Physical quantities that are expected to be the sum of many independent processes (such as measurement errors) often have distributions that are nearly normal.[3] Moreover, many results and methods (such as propagation of uncertainty and least squares parameter fitting) can be derived analytically in

is the probability of k occurrences given λ. The function is defined only at integer values of k. The connecting lines are only guides for generalized error distribution r the eye. Cumulative distribution function The horizontal axis is the index k,

Generalized Normal Distribution Python

the number of occurrences. The CDF is discontinuous at the integers of k and flat everywhere else because a gaussian distribution function variable that is Poisson distributed takes on only integer values. Parameters λ > 0 (real) Support k ∈ ℕ pmf λ k e − λ k ! {\displaystyle {\frac {\lambda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution ^ θ 7e^{-\lambda }} θ 6}} CDF Γ ( ⌊ k + 1 ⌋ , λ ) ⌊ k ⌋ ! {\displaystyle {\frac {\Gamma (\lfloor k+1\rfloor ,\lambda )}{\lfloor k\rfloor !}}} , or e − λ ∑ i = 0 ⌊ k ⌋ λ i i !   {\displaystyle e^{-\lambda }\sum _ θ 3^{\lfloor k\rfloor }{\frac {\lambda ^ θ 2} θ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution 1}\ } , or Q ( ⌊ k + 1 ⌋ , λ ) {\displaystyle Q(\lfloor k+1\rfloor ,\lambda )} (for k ≥ 0 {\displaystyle k\geq 0} , where Γ ( x , y ) {\displaystyle \Gamma (x,y)} is the incomplete gamma function, ⌊ k ⌋ {\displaystyle \lfloor k\rfloor } is the floor function, and Q is the regularized gamma function) Mean λ {\displaystyle \lambda } Median ≈ ⌊ λ + 1 / 3 − 0.02 / λ ⌋ {\displaystyle \approx \lfloor \lambda +1/3-0.02/\lambda \rfloor } Mode ⌈ λ ⌉ − 1 , ⌊ λ ⌋ {\displaystyle \lceil \lambda \rceil -1,\lfloor \lambda \rfloor } Variance λ {\displaystyle \lambda } Skewness λ − 1 / 2 {\displaystyle \lambda ^{-1/2}} Ex. kurtosis λ − 1 {\displaystyle \lambda ^{-1}} Entropy λ [ 1 − log ⁡ ( λ ) ] + e − λ ∑ k = 0 ∞ λ k log ⁡ ( k ! ) k ! {\displaystyle \lambda [1-\log(\lambda )]+e^{-\lambda }\sum _ − 7^{\infty }{\frac {\lambda ^ − 6\log(k!)} − 5}} (for large λ {\displaystyle \lambda } ) 1 2 log

[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index] Re: Re: st: Generalized Error Distribution (GED) in Stata From Stas Kolenikov To http://www.stata.com/statalist/archive/2010-11/msg00033.html statalist@hsphsun2.harvard.edu Subject Re: Re: st: Generalized Error Distribution (GED) in Stata Date Mon, 1 Nov 2010 12:15:09 -0400 On Mon, Nov 1, 2010 at 10:51 AM, Christopher Baum wrote: > This distribution is well known in the time series econometrics literature, and implemented by most programs that > estimate ARCH/GARCH models -- including Stata. See [TS] arch and its distribution(ged) option. Stata's error distribution documentation > cites > > Nelson, D. B. 1991. Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica 59: 347–370. > > as using this distribution.  He in turn cites works by Harvey (1981), Box and Tiao (1973). In the Econometrica article, Nelson gives the GED density function, which involves the gamma function and the incomplete gamma function. > > Wikipedia's article(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_normal_distribution) suggests that generalized normal distribution it is known as the Generalized normal distribution, the Exponential power distribution, etc. I see -- in my blissful ignorance, I know this under the nickname of the exponential power distribution. Having several names for the same object is a sure way to confusion (what happens if you pass a matrix to a Mata function both as a parameter by reference and as an -external- declaration?). -gammap()-, -invgammap()- and -lngamma()- functions should do the job, then. Looking into -viewsource arch.ado- might help, too. -- Stas Kolenikov, also found at http://stas.kolenikov.name Small print: I use this email account for mailing lists only. * * For searches and help try: * http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search * http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq * http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/ References: re: Re: st: Generalized Error Distribution (GED) in Stata From: Christopher Baum Prev by Date: st: RE: Computing difference of counts within groups Next by Date: RE: re: Re: st: Generalized Error Distribution (GED) in Stata Previous by thread: RE: re: Re: st: Generalized Error Distribution (GED) in Stata Next by thread: st: Problems with Margeff Index(es): Date Thread © Copyright 1996–2016 StataCorp LP | Terms of use | Privacy | Contact us | Site index

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