Error Function 1
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Random Entry New in MathWorld MathWorld Classroom About MathWorld Contribute to MathWorld Send a Message to the Team MathWorld Book Wolfram Web Resources» 13,594 entries Last updated: Tue Sep 27 2016 Created, developed, and nurturedbyEricWeisstein at WolframResearch Calculus and complementary error function Analysis>Special Functions>Erf> Calculus and Analysis>Complex Analysis>Entire Functions> Interactive Entries>webMathematica Examples> More... History and
Error Function Calculator
Terminology>Wolfram Language Commands> MathWorld Contributors>D'Orsogna> Less... Erf is the "error function" encountered in integrating the normal distribution (which is a error function table normalized form of the Gaussian function). It is an entire function defined by (1) Note that some authors (e.g., Whittaker and Watson 1990, p.341) define without the leading factor of . Erf is inverse error function implemented in the Wolfram Language as Erf[z]. A two-argument form giving is also implemented as Erf[z0, z1]. Erf satisfies the identities (2) (3) (4) where is erfc, the complementary error function, and is a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind. For , (5) where is the incomplete gamma function. Erf can also be defined as a Maclaurin series (6) (7) (OEIS A007680). Similarly, (8)
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(OEIS A103979 and A103980). For , may be computed from (9) (10) (OEIS A000079 and A001147; Acton 1990). For , (11) (12) Using integration by parts gives (13) (14) (15) (16) so (17) and continuing the procedure gives the asymptotic series (18) (19) (20) (OEIS A001147 and A000079). Erf has the values (21) (22) It is an odd function (23) and satisfies (24) Erf may be expressed in terms of a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind as (25) (26) Its derivative is (27) where is a Hermite polynomial. The first derivative is (28) and the integral is (29) Min Max Re Im Erf can also be extended to the complex plane, as illustrated above. A simple integral involving erf that Wolfram Language cannot do is given by (30) (M.R.D'Orsogna, pers. comm., May 9, 2004). More complicated integrals include (31) (M.R.D'Orsogna, pers. comm., Dec.15, 2005). Erf has the continued fraction (32) (33) (Wall 1948, p.357), first stated by Laplace in 1805 and Legendre in 1826 (Olds 1963, p.139), proved by Jacobi, and rediscovered by Ramanujan (Watson 1928; Hardy 1999, pp.8-9). Definite integrals involving include Definite integrals involving include (34) (35) (36) (37) (38) The
Random Entry New in MathWorld MathWorld Classroom About MathWorld Contribute to MathWorld Send a Message to the Team MathWorld Book Wolfram Web Resources» 13,594 entries Last erf(1) updated: Tue Sep 27 2016 Created, developed, and nurturedbyEricWeisstein at error function python WolframResearch Calculus and Analysis>Special Functions>Erf> Calculus and Analysis>Complex Analysis>Entire Functions> Calculus and Analysis>Calculus>Integrals>Definite Integrals> More... Interactive
Complementary Error Function Table
Entries>webMathematica Examples> History and Terminology>Wolfram Language Commands> Less... Erfc Erfc is the complementary error function, commonly denoted , is an entire function defined by (1) (2) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Erf.html It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as Erfc[z]. Note that some authors (e.g., Whittaker and Watson 1990, p.341) define without the leading factor of . For , (3) where is the incomplete gamma function. The derivative is given by (4) and the indefinite integral by (5) It has the special values http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Erfc.html (6) (7) (8) It satisfies the identity (9) It has definite integrals (10) (11) (12) For , is bounded by (13) Min Max Re Im Erfc can also be extended to the complex plane, as illustrated above. A generalization is obtained from the erfc differential equation (14) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p.299; Zwillinger 1997, p.122). The general solution is then (15) where is the repeated erfc integral. For integer , (16) (17) (18) (19) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p.299), where is a confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind and is a gamma function. The first few values, extended by the definition for and 0, are given by (20) (21) (22) SEE ALSO: Erf, Erfc Differential Equation, Erfi, Inverse Erfc RELATED WOLFRAM SITES: http://functions.wolfram.com/GammaBetaErf/Erfc/ REFERENCES: Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I.A. (Eds.). "Repeated Integrals of the Error Function." §7.2 in Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 9th printing. New York: Dover, pp
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