Average Error Rate
Contents |
be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over average error rate for data entry a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or average symbol error rate bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error rate performance error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. BER is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a
Average Human Error Rate
percentage.[1] The bit error probability pe is the expectation value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can be considered as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors. Contents 1 Example 2 Packet error ratio 3 Factors affecting the BER 4 Analysis of the BER 5 Mathematical average typing error rate draft 6 Bit error rate test 6.1 Common types of BERT stress patterns 7 Bit error rate tester 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Example[edit] As an example, assume this transmitted bit sequence: 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 and the following received bit sequence: 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1, The number of bit errors (the underlined bits) is, in this case, 3. The BER is 3 incorrect bits divided by 10 transferred bits, resulting in a BER of 0.3 or 30%. Packet error ratio[edit] The packet error ratio (PER) is the number of incorrectly received data packets divided by the total number of received packets. A packet is declared incorrect if at least one bit is erroneous. The expectation value of the PER is denoted packet error probability pp, which for a data packet length of N bits can be expressed as p p = 1 − ( 1 − p e ) N {\displaystyle p_{p}=1-(1-p_{e})^{N}} , assuming that the bit errors are independent of each other. For small bit error probabilities, this is approximately p p ≈ p e N . {\d
across studies. However only fairly simple actions are used in the denominator. The Klemmer and Snyder study shows that much lower error rates are possible--in this case for average percent error people whose job consisted almost entirely of data entry. The error rate for more
Average Error Calculation
complex logic errors is about 5%, based primarily on data on other pages, especially the program development page.
Average Relative Error
Study Detail Error Rate Baddeley & Longman [1973] Entering mail codes. Errors after correction. Per mail code. 0.5% Chedru & Geschwind [1972] Grammatical errors per word 1.1% Dhillon [1986] Reading a gauge incorrectly. Per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_error_rate read. 0.5% Dremen and Berry [1995] Percentage error in security analysts' earnings forecasts for reporting earnings. 1980 / 1985 / 1990. That is, size of error rather than frequency of error. 30% 52% 65% Edmondson [1996] Errors per medication in hospital, based on data presented in the paper. Per dose. 1.6% Grudin [1983] Error rate per keystroke for six expert typists. Told not to correct errors, although some http://panko.shidler.hawaii.edu/HumanErr/Basic.htm did. Per keystroke. 1% Hotopf [1980] S sample (speech errors). Per word 0.2% Hotopf [1980] W sample (written exam). Per word 0.9% Hotopf [1980] 10 undergraduates write for 30 minutes, grammatical and spelling errors per word 1.6% Klemmer [1962] Keypunch machine operators, errors per character 0.02% to 0.06% Klemmer [1962] Bank machine operators, errors per check 0.03% Kukich [1992] Nonword spelling errors in uses of telecommunication devices for the deaf. 40,000 words (strings). Per string. 6% Mathias, MacKenzie & Buxton [1996] 10 touch typists averaging 58 words per minute. No error correction. In last session. Per keystroke. 4% Mattson & Baars [1992] Typing study with secretaries and clerks. Nonsense words. Per nonsense word. 7.4% Melchers & Harrington [1982] Students performing calculator tasks and table lookup tasks. Per multipart calculation. Per table lookup. Etc. 1%-2% Mitton [1987] Study of 170,016 errors in high-school essays, spelling errors. Per word. 2.4% Potter [1995] Errors in making entries in an aircraft flight management system. Per keystroke. Higher if heavy workload. 10.0% Rabbit [1990] Flash one of two letters on display screen. Subject hits one of two keys in response. After correction. Per choice. 0.6% Schoonard & Boies [1975] Line-oriented text editor. Error rate per word. Without correct
like to tell us how can we improve this document? Comments Comments optional (but appreciated). Note: This feedback form exists solely to improve the quality of our documentation. If you need help with New Relic products https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/apis/rest-api-v2/application-examples-v2/application-error-rate-example-v2 or want responses to your questions, please see our support site. Clear Form Leave this http://link.springer.com/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1197 field blank Home page REST API v2 plus icon Requirements Getting started API keys Admin's API key and partnerships Host ID Product ID Set a custom user agent Extracting metric data Obtaining summary metrics Specifying a time range Pagination for API output API overload protection plus icon API Explorer v2 Getting started with the API Explorer Using the API Explorer Parts error rate of the API Explorer Get metric data (Explorer) plus icon Account Examples (v2) Usage metrics Listing users for your account plus icon Application Examples (v2) Recording deployments Listing your app ID and metric data List application server, host and instance IDS Apdex for apps or browsers Summary data examples Average response time examples Error rate example App status and health Changing your app's alias Average memory usage per host Average CPU usage per host App average throughput average error rate Web transaction time data plus icon Browser Examples (v2) Browser (EndUser) page load data Average page throughput example Average page load time Adding or listing browser apps plus icon Server Examples (v2) Server networking data Obtaining disk I/O data Server ID and metric data Average server memory Average CPU percentages Listing CPU load data Server load average values Removing a server Disk space metrics plus icon Alert Examples (v2) Alerting and the REST API plus icon Labels Examples (v2) Creating or associating labels Listing labels Deleting labels plus icon Plugin Examples (v2) Getting a list of plugins Individual plugin components Multiple plugin components Metrics for plugin components plus icon Mobile Examples (v2) Mobile crash data example Search form Search Contents » APIs » REST API (v2) » Application Examples (v2) Application error rate example (v2) This is an example of how to use the New Relic Data API (v2) to get your application's average error rate over a specific time period. This value appears as a percentage above the Error rate chart on your APM Overview page. To use the API, you need: Your New Relic REST API key or Admin's API key. Your New Relic application ID (from the URL that your browser shows from the New Relic APM user interface, or from the API Explorer user interface) Contents Formula The average percentage appears above the Err
Work EntryComputer Science and Communications Dictionary pp 92-92average error rate Get Access Heading This one-of-a-kind reference is unmatched in the breadth and scope of its coverage and serves as the primary reference for students and professionals in computer science and communications. The Dictionary features more than 20,000 entries, carefully crafted to provide clear, precise, and accurate definitions, including up-to-the-minute coverage of technology trends in computer science, communications, networking and supporting protocols. This is a vital reference for any scientist, educator or student who must understand and communicate the rapidly evolving state of knowledge in the field. Reference Work Entry Metrics Provided by Bookmetrix Reference tools Export citation EndNote (.ENW) JabRef (.BIB) Mendeley (.BIB) Papers (.RIS) Zotero (.RIS) BibTeX (.BIB) Add to Papers Other actions About this Reference Work Reprints and Permissions Share Share this content on Facebook Share this content on Twitter Share this content on LinkedIn Supplementary Material (0) References (0) About this Reference Work Entry Title average error rate Reference Work Title Computer Science and Communications Dictionary Reference Work Part 1 Pages p 92 Copyright 2001 DOI 10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1197 Print ISBN 978-0-7923-8425-0 Online ISBN 978-1-4020-0613-5 Publisher Springer US Copyright Holder Kluwer Academic Publishers Additional Links About this Reference Work Topics Management of Computing and Information Systems Electrical Engineering Computer Communication Networks Industry Sectors Pharma Automotive Chemical Manufacturing Biotechnology Electronics IT & Software Telecommunications eBook Packages Springer Book Archive Continue reading... To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips Browse by Discipline Architecture & Design Astronomy Bi