Difference Between Experimental Uncertainty And Human Error
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the range of meanings. The definitions are taken from a sample of reference sources that represent the scope of the topic of error analysis. Definitions from Webster's dictionary experimental error examples are also included for several of the terms to show the contrast experimental error examples chemistry between common vernacular use and the specific meanings of these terms as they relate to scientific measurements. Sources: Taylor,
Sources Of Experimental Error
John. An Introduction to Error Analysis, 2nd. ed. University Science Books: Sausalito, CA, 1997. Bevington, Phillip R. and D. Keith Robinson. Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences,
Experimental Error Formula
2nd. ed. McGraw-Hill: New York, 1992. Baird, D.C. Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement Theory and Experiment Design, 3rd. ed. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995. ISO. Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM): Switzerland, 1993. Fluke. Calibration: Philosophy and Practice, 2nd. ed. Fluke Corporation: Everett, WA, 1994. sources of error in physics Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster: Springfield, MA, 2000. Notes: Many of the terms below are defined in the International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (abbreviated VIM), and their reference numbers are shown in brackets immediately after the term. Since the meaning and usage of these terms are not consistent among other references, alternative (and sometimes conflicting) definitions are provided with the name and page number of the reference from the above list. Comments are included in italics for clarification. References are only cited when they explicitly define a term; omission of a reference for a particular term generally indicates that the term was not used or clearly defined by that reference. Even more diverse usage of these terms may exist in other references not cited here. uncertainty (of measurement) [VIM 3.9] – parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. The uncertainty generally includes many components which may be evaluated from experimental standard deviations based on repeated observations (Type A evaluation) or by standard dev
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Engineering Medicine Agriculture Photosciences Humanities Periodic Table of the Elements Reference Tables Physical Constants Units and http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Analytical_Chemistry/Quantifying_Nature/Significant_Digits/Uncertainties_in_Measurements Conversions Organic Chemistry Glossary Search site Search Search Go back to previous article Username Password Sign in Sign in Sign in Registration Forgot password Expand/collapse global hierarchy Home Core Analytical Chemistry Quantifying Nature Expand/collapse global location Uncertainties in Measurements Last updated 11:37, 3 Sep 2015 Save as PDF Share Share Share Tweet experimental error Share IntroductionSystematic vs. Random ErrorA Graphical RepresentationPrecision vs. AccuracyCalculating ErrorMethods of Reducing ErrorReferencesProblemsSolutions All measurements have a degree of uncertainty regardless of precision and accuracy. This is caused by two factors, the limitation of the measuring instrument (systematic error) and the skill of the experimenter making the measurements (random error). Introduction experimental error examples The graduated buret in Figure 1 contains a certain amount of water (with yellow dye) to be measured. The amount of water is somewhere between 19 ml and 20 ml according to the marked lines. By checking to see where the bottom of the meniscus lies, referencing the ten smaller lines, the amount of water lies between 19.8 ml and 20 ml. The next step is to estimate the uncertainty between 19.8 ml and 20 ml. Making an approximate guess, the level is less than 20 ml, but greater than 19.8 ml. We then report that the measured amount is approximately 19.9 ml. The graduated cylinder itself may be distorted such that the graduation marks contain inaccuracies providing readings slightly different from the actual volume of liquid present. Figure 1: A meniscus as seen in a burette of colored water. '20.00 mL' is the correct depth measurement. Click here for a m