3/4 Forward Error Correction
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(Discuss) Proposed since January 2015. In telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding[1] is a technique used for controlling errors
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in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. The central idea forward error correction ppt is the sender encodes the message in a redundant way by using an error-correcting code (ECC). The
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American mathematician Richard Hamming pioneered this field in the 1940s and invented the first error-correcting code in 1950: the Hamming (7,4) code.[2] The redundancy allows the receiver to detect a forward error correction rate limited number of errors that may occur anywhere in the message, and often to correct these errors without retransmission. FEC gives the receiver the ability to correct errors without needing a reverse channel to request retransmission of data, but at the cost of a fixed, higher forward channel bandwidth. FEC is therefore applied in situations where retransmissions are costly forward error correction ethernet or impossible, such as one-way communication links and when transmitting to multiple receivers in multicast. FEC information is usually added to mass storage devices to enable recovery of corrupted data, and is widely used in modems. FEC processing in a receiver may be applied to a digital bit stream or in the demodulation of a digitally modulated carrier. For the latter, FEC is an integral part of the initial analog-to-digital conversion in the receiver. The Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC coders can also generate a bit-error rate (BER) signal which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving electronics. The noisy-channel coding theorem establishes bounds on the theoretical maximum information transfer rate of a channel with some given noise level. Some advanced FEC systems come very close to the theoretical maximum. The maximum fractions of errors or of missing bits that can be corrected is determined by the design of the FEC code, so different forward error correcting codes
the word of FEC frequently. FEC is short for Forward Error Correction. It is the method used to improve the reliability of data communication. When an error is found in
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the unidirectional signal path, the receiver will not have the authority of asking forward error correction pdf for data transmission again. However, FEC uses the data itself to prevent this problem when great amount of data needs to
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be transmitted. FEC is one of the significant parameters of the satellite receiver. In some early digital receivers, the FEC parameter has to be typed in by users. As the process rate of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correction the CPU of digital receivers improves, today's digital satellite receiver can measure the FEC parameter automatically, thus users don't have to type in the parameter any more. This likes the improvement in the process of searching channels. Today's satellite receivers can search can search the channels automatically while the earlier machines have to type in the parameters. Then, what is FEC used for? As we all know, http://technologythreads.blogspot.com/2011/08/what-is-forward-error-correction-in.html the digital programs have much purer colors and much sharper vision effect than the analog programs. The picture of the digital program won't have the interference, too. These advantages are just owing to the perfect anti - interference characteristic of digital signal. In the digital signals, we put in layers of error correction codes in order to prevent the mutation of the signal caused by other signal's interference. This is because the digital signal is very sensitive in the decoding progress. It may not be able to decode just because of a little flaw in the signal. So the signal's affluent playing is also due to the setting of error correction code. In all kinds of error correction codes, the FEC is a very significant anti - interference algorithm. Using it will improve the reliability of satellite signal a lot. In order to understand the FEC code, let's have a look at the following analogy. If the ES stream is the raw material of the factory, the PES is the raw products and the TS stream is the product with a package. In the transformation of PES to TS, CPU adds the FEC code. In the DVB - S standar
Technology April 2009 Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5510 the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/forward-error-correction Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as forward error the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. forward error correction This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English. Lacan, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 5510 Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction April 2009 Abstract This document describes a Fully-Specified Forward Error Correction (FEC) Scheme for the Reed-Solomon FEC codes over GF(2^^m), where m is in {2..16}, and its application to the reliable
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