Backward Error Congestion Notification

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Cir Frame Relay

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Frame Relay Burst Rate

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XMPP more... Transport layer TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP more... Internet layer IP IPv4 IPv6 ICMP ICMPv6 ECN IGMP IPsec more... Link layer ARP NDP OSPF Tunnels L2TP PPP MAC Ethernet DSL ISDN FDDI more... v t e https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is an extension to the Internet Protocol and to the Transmission Control Protocol and is defined in RFC 3168 (2001). ECN allows end-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN is an optional feature that may be used between two ECN-enabled endpoints when the underlying network infrastructure also supports it. Conventionally, TCP/IP networks signal congestion by dropping packets. When ECN is successfully negotiated, an ECN-aware router may set a mark in frame relay the IP header instead of dropping a packet in order to signal impending congestion. The receiver of the packet echoes the congestion indication to the sender, which reduces its transmission rate as if it detected a dropped packet. Rather than responding properly or ignoring the bits, some outdated or faulty network equipment has historically dropped or mangled packets that have ECN bits set.[1][2][3] As of 2015[update], measurements suggested that the fraction of web servers on fecn and becn the public Internet for which setting ECN prevents network connections had been reduced to less than 1%.[4] In June 2015, Apple announced that ECN will be enabled by default on its supported and future products, to help drive the adoption of ECN signalling industry-wide.[5] Contents 1 Operation 1.1 Operation of ECN with IP 1.2 Operation of ECN with TCP 1.2.1 ECN and TCP control packets 1.3 Operation of ECN with other transport protocols 2 Effects on performance 3 Implementations 3.1 ECN support in TCP by hosts 3.1.1 Microsoft Windows 3.1.2 Unix-like 3.1.2.1 BSD 3.1.2.2 Linux 3.1.2.3 Mac OS X 3.1.2.4 iOS 3.1.2.5 Solaris 3.2 ECN support in IP by routers 3.3 Data Center TCP 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Operation[edit] ECN requires specific support at both the Internet layer and the transport layer for the following reasons: In TCP/IP, routers operate within the Internet layer, while the transmission rate is handled by the endpoints at the transport layer. Congestion may be handled only by the transmitter, but since it is known to have happened only after a packet was sent, there must be an echo of the congestion indication by the receiver to the transmitter. Without ECN, congestion indication echo is achieved indirectly by the detection of lost packets. With ECN, the congestion is indicated by setting the ECN field within