A Human Error
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Island accident), aviation (see pilot error), space exploration (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster), and medicine (see medical error). Prevention human error definition of human error is generally seen as a major contributor to reliability
Human Error House
and safety of (complex) systems. Contents 1 Definition 2 Performance 3 Categories 4 Sources 5 Controversies 6 See also
To Err Is Human
7 References Definition[edit] Human error means that something has been done that was "not intended by the actor; not desired by a set of rules or an external observer; or that
To Error Is Human Quote
led the task or system outside its acceptable limits".[1] In short, it is a deviation from intention, expectation or desirability.[1] Logically, human actions can fail to achieve their goal in two different ways: the actions can go as planned, but the plan can be inadequate (leading to mistakes); or, the plan can be satisfactory, but the performance can be deficient (leading to human error band slips and lapses).[2][3] However, a mere failure is not an error if there had been no plan to accomplish something in particular.[1] Performance[edit] Human error and performance are two sides of the same coin: "human error" mechanisms are the same as "human performance" mechanisms; performance later categorized as 'error' is done so in hindsight:[4][5] therefore actions later termed "human error" are actually part of the ordinary spectrum of human behaviour. The study of absent-mindedness in everyday life provides ample documentation and categorization of such aspects of behavior. While human error is firmly entrenched in the classical approaches to accident investigation and risk assessment, it has no role in newer approaches such as resilience engineering.[6] Categories[edit] There are many ways to categorize human error.[7][8] exogenous versus endogenous (i.e., originating outside versus inside the individual)[9] situation assessment versus response planning[10] and related distinctions in errors in problem detection (also see signal detection theory) errors in problem diagnosis (also see problem solving) errors in action planning and execution[11] (for example: slips or errors of execution versus mistakes or errors of intention[12][13]) By level of analysis; for e
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navigation, searchHERE Article Information Category: Human Behaviour Content source: SKYbrary Content control: SKYbrary Contents 1 Definition 2 Description 3 Slips and Lapses 3.1 Examples of slips and lapses in aviation 4 http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Human_Error_Types Mistakes 4.1 Example of mistake 5 Error frequencies 6 Error detection and correction 7 Related Articles 8 Further Reading Definition Errors are the result of actions that fail to generate the intended outcomes. They are categorized according to the cognitive processes involved towards the goal of the action and according to whether they are related to planning or execution of the activity. Description human error Actions by human operators can fail to achieve their goal in two different ways: The actions can go as planned, but the plan can be inadequate, or the plan can be satisfactory, but the performance can still be deficient (Hollnagel, 1993). Errors can be broadly distinguished in two categories: Category 1 - A person intends to carry out an action, the action is appropriate, a human error carries it out incorrectly, and the desired goal is not achieved. - An execution failure has occurred. Execution errors are called Slips and Lapses. They result from failures in the execution and/or storage stage of an action sequence. Slips relate to observable actions and are commonly associated with attentional or perceptual failures. Lapses are more internal events and generally involve failures of memory. Category 2 - A person intends to carry out an action, does so correctly, the action is inappropriate, and the desired goal is not achieved - A planning failure has occurred. Planning failures are Mistakes. “Mistakes may be defined as deficiencies or failures in the judgmental and/or inferential processes involved in the selection of an objective or in the specification of the means to achieve it.” (Reason, 1990). Execution errors correspond to the Skill based level of Rasmussen’s levels of performance (Rasmussen 1986), while planning errors correspond to the Rule and Knowledge-based levels (see Figure 1) Figure 1: execution and planning failures adapted from Rasmussen Slips and Lapses In a familiar and anticipated situation people perform a skill-based behaviour. At this level, they can commit ski
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