Cognitive Psychology Human Error
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| No comments While the consequences of medical errors can be devastating, in reality, medical errors are not unique. Medical errors are simply errors in a medical context. human error slips lapses mistakes As such, we can turn to what we know about the nature
Mode Error
of human error in general to understand why medical errors occur, what factors produce them, and how to design slips vs mistakes to reduce them. Slips, Lapses and Mistakes Cognitive psychologists distinguish between "skill-based" performance, "rule-based" performance, and "knowledge-based" performance. Skills are highly practiced behaviors that we perform routinely, with little conscious effort. skill rule knowledge based errors They're literally automatic. Rule and knowledge-based performance require more mental involvement or conscious deliberation. We rely on them when skill-based performance won't work, typically in exceptional or novel situations. Slips and lapses are errors in the performance of skill-based behaviors, typically when our attention is diverted. A common mechanism for a slip is "capture", in which a more frequently performed behavior "takes-over"
Knowledge Based Medical Errors
a similar, but less familiar one. For example, a capture error is made when a nurse misprograms a new infusion pump because the sequence of steps is similar, but not identical to the pump he is most familiar with. Description errors are slips that occur when the objects of different actions are close together or visually similar, as when the wrong control on an EKG is adjusted because it's close to other controls that look the same. Loss of activation errors are lapses where the goal is forgotten in the middle of a sequence of actions (e.g., a radiologists forgetting what he is looking for after retrieving and displaying a comparison study), or we omit a step in a routine sequence (e.g., the failure to complete a "double-check" for blood-type in an organ transfer protocol). Slips and lapses occur while our attention is diverted and we fail to monitor the actions we're performing. Mistakes are errors in rule or knowledge-based performance. They arise when we misinterpret a situation or misapply a rule (usually, a rule that is frequently used and seems to fit the situ
KolbWilhelm WundtLeon FestingerPsychodynamicSigmund FreudErik EriksonCarl JungSocialSolomon AschStanley MilgramHofling Nurse StudyPhilip ZimbardoSerge Moscovici Henri Tajfel MemoryRichard AtkinsonAlan BaddeleyFergus CraikElizabeth LoftusDevelopmentalLev capture error VygostksyJerome BrunerMary AinsworthJohn BowlbyLawrence KohlbergTheories BehavioralBehaviorist ApproachClassical types of human error at workplace ConditioningOperant ConditioningSchedules of ReinforcementLaw of EffectSocial Learning TheoryHumanistHumanistic PsychologyHierarchy of NeedsCarl
Example Of Human Error
RogersPersonalityPersonality TheoriesType A CognitiveCognitive PsychologyInformation ProcessingAttentionPerceptionCognitive DissonanceMemoryMemory IntroShort TermLong TermMulti Store ModelWorking MemoryLevels of ProcessingForgettingEyewitness TestimonySigmund FreudPsychodynamic ApproachPsychoanalysisId, http://www.humanfactorsmd.com/psychology-of-human-error/ Ego, Super-EgoUnconscious MindPsychosexual StagesDefense MechanismsSocialSocial PsychologyConformityObedienceAttitudesSelf ConceptPrejudiceDevelopmentalJean PiagetSensorimotor StagePreoperational StageConcrete StageFormal Operational StageLev VygostksyZPDJerome BrunerAttachmentJohn BowlbyKohlberg - Moral DevPsychosocial StagesStudies ConformityAsch Line StudySherif StudyJennes Beans StudyObedienceMilgram Shock StudyHofling Nurse StudyZimbardo Prison Study Attachment44 ThievesStrange SituationSchaffer & EmersonVan http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html Ijzendoorn & KroonenbergHarlow's MonkeysHodges & TizardGenieBehavioralPavlov's DogsLittle AlbertBobo DollMemorySerial Position EffectLoftus and PalmerPeterson and PetersonStressKiecolt-GlaserSRRS - RaheDevelopmentalScaffolding (ZPD)Heinz DilemmaThree Mountains TaskObject PermanenceResearch Methods ExperimentalLab ExperimentField ExperimentNatural ExperimentExperimental DesignsVariables Non-ExperimentalCase StudyInterviewsQuestionnaireLikert ScalesObservationsConducting ResearchHypothesesSamplingScienific ApproachLab ReportEthical GuidelinesDataQualitative QuantitativeReliabilityValidityCorrelationStatistics Home › Perspectives › Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology by Saul McLeod published 2007, updated 2015 Cognitive psychology is the scienitific study of the mind as an information processor. Cognitive psychologists try to build up cognitive models of the information processing that goes on inside people’s minds, including perception, attention, language, memory, thinking and consciousness The cognitive perspective applies a nomothetic approach to discover human cognitive processes, but have also adopted
1 + 3?Send Message HUMAN ERROR SECTION 1 86 terms by sienawanlass STUDY STUDY ONLY Flashcards Flashcards Learn Learn Speller Speller Test Test PLAY PLAY ONLY Scatter Scatter PLAY PLAY ONLY Scatter Scatter Gravity Gravity {loginLink} https://quizlet.com/27180465/human-error-section-1-flash-cards/ to add this set to a folder Log in to add this set to http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jso.20123/pdf a class. Share this set Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Google Classroom Send Email Short URL List Scores Info HUMAN ERROR IN PSYCHOLOGY FRANK DREWS Original Alphabetical Study all 86 terms Study 0 termterms only Human Error WHY SHOULD WE CARE? Some examples: • Three Miles Island • human error Chernobyl • King's Cross • Jesica Santillan General description - Human error is present in all kinds of human performance - Estimates are that 60-90% of causes in major accidents and incidents in complex systems are due to human error - People using word processors make 30% of the time choices which are inefficient or wrong - 1.7 errors a day per patient in a well run of human error intensive care unit - Many errors are the result of bad design or bad organization structure rather than irresponsible action Mach (1905): "Knowledge and error flow from the same mental sources, only success can tell the one from the other" Theories Bad apple theory or New look at human error Meaning, Systems perspective Bad apple theory 1.) Complex systems would be fine if there were not the erratic behavior of unreliable (bad) people 2.) Human errors cause accidents 3.) Failures come as unpleasant surprises Recommendations for protection of systems - Tighten procedures - Close the regulatory gaps - Introduce more technology to monitor or to replace human work - Eliminate deficient practitioners so that they can not contribute to system breakdown Shortcomings of bad apple theory Progress on safety is often a short lived illusion - Focusing on individual failure does not take away the underlying problem - Removing defective practitioners fails to remove the potential for error More procedures • Does not guarantee compliance • Reaction to failure is over-specification More technology Warning light example: What is a warning light? - It is a threshold cro
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