List Of Python Error Types
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This module never needs to be imported explicitly: the exceptions are provided in the built-in namespace as well as the exceptions module. For class exceptions,
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in a try statement with an except clause that mentions python exception message a particular class, that clause also handles any exception classes derived from that class (but not exception classes python valueerror example from which it is derived). Two exception classes that are not related via subclassing are never equivalent, even if they have the same name. The built-in exceptions listed below
Python 3 Exceptions
can be generated by the interpreter or built-in functions. Except where mentioned, they have an "associated value" indicating the detailed cause of the error. This may be a string or a tuple containing several items of information (e.g., an error code and a string explaining the code). The associated value is the second argument to the raise statement. If
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the exception class is derived from the standard root class BaseException, the associated value is present as the exception instance's args attribute. User code can raise built-in exceptions. This can be used to test an exception handler or to report an error condition "just like" the situation in which the interpreter raises the same exception; but beware that there is nothing to prevent user code from raising an inappropriate error. The built-in exception classes can be subclassed to define new exceptions; programmers are encouraged to derive new exceptions from the Exception class or one of its subclasses, and not from BaseException. More information on defining exceptions is available in the Python Tutorial under User-defined Exceptions. The following exceptions are only used as base classes for other exceptions. exception BaseException¶ The base class for all built-in exceptions. It is not meant to be directly inherited by user-defined classes (for that, use Exception). If str() or unicode() is called on an instance of this class, the representation of the argument(s) to the
you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: syntax errors and exceptions. 8.1. Syntax Errors¶ Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common kind of complaint python exception class methods you get while you are still learning Python: >>> while True print('Hello world') File
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learning the language. Here's a list of common errors that result in runtime error messages which will crash your program. 1) Forgetting to put a : at the end of an if, elif, else, for, while, class, or def statement. (Causes “SyntaxError: invalid syntax”) This error happens with code like this: if spam == 42 print('Hello!') 2) Using = instead of ==. (Causes “SyntaxError: invalid syntax”) The = is the assignment operator while == is the "is equal to" comparison operator. This error happens with code like this: if spam = 42: print('Hello!') 3) Using the wrong amount of indentation. (Causes “IndentationError: unexpected indent” and “IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level” and “IndentationError: expected an indented block”) Remember that the indentation only increases after a statement ending with a : colon, and afterwards must return to the previous indentation. This error happens with code like this: print('Hello!') print('Howdy!') ...and this: if spam == 42: print('Hello!') print('Howdy!') ...and this: if spam == 42: print('Hello!') 4) Forgetting the len() call in a for loop statement. (Causes “TypeError: 'list' object cannot be interpreted as an integer”) Commonly you want to iterate over the indexes of items in a list or string, which requires calling the range() function. Just remember to pass the return value of len(someList), instead of passing just someList. This error happens with code like this: spam = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse'] for i in range(spam): print(spam[i]) (Update: As a few have pointed out, what you might need is just for i in spam: rather than the above code. But the above is for the very legitimate case where you need the index in the body of the loop, rather than just the value itself.) 5) Trying to modify a string value. (Causes “TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment”) Strings are an immutable data type. This error happens with code like this: spam = 'I have a pet cat.' spam[13] = 'r' print(spam) What you probably want is this: spam = 'I have a pet cat.' spam = spam[:13] + 'r' + spam[14:] print(spam) 6) Trying to concatenate a non-string value to a string value. (Causes “TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly”) This error happens with code like this: numEggs = 12 print('I have ' + numEggs + ' eggs.') What you want to do is this: numEggs = 12 print('I have ' + str(numEggs) + ' eggs.') ...or this: numEggs = 12 print('I have %s eggs.' % (numEggs)) 7) Forgetting a quote to begin or end a string value. (Causes “SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal”) This error happens with code like this: print(H