Python Built In Error Classes
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a try statement with an except clause that mentions a particular class, that clause also handles any exception classes derived from that python typeerror class (but not exception classes from which it is derived). Two exception
Python Valueerror Example
classes that are not related via subclassing are never equivalent, even if they have the same name. The python custom exception built-in exceptions listed below can be generated by the interpreter or built-in functions. Except where mentioned, they have an "associated value" indicating the detailed cause of the error. This may
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be a string or a tuple of several items of information (e.g., an error code and a string explaining the code). The associated value is usually passed as arguments to the exception class's constructor. User code can raise built-in exceptions. This can be used to test an exception handler or to report an error condition "just like" the situation in which python exception message the interpreter raises the same exception; but beware that there is nothing to prevent user code from raising an inappropriate error. The built-in exception classes can be subclassed to define new exceptions; programmers are encouraged to derive new exceptions from the Exception class or one of its subclasses, and not from BaseException. More information on defining exceptions is available in the Python Tutorial under User-defined Exceptions. When raising (or re-raising) an exception in an except or finally clause __context__ is automatically set to the last exception caught; if the new exception is not handled the traceback that is eventually displayed will include the originating exception(s) and the final exception. When raising a new exception (rather than using a bare raise to re-raise the exception currently being handled), the implicit exception context can be supplemented with an explicit cause by using from with raise: raise new_exc from original_exc The expression following from must be an exception or None. It will be set as __cause__ on the raised exception. Setting __
a try statement with an except clause that mentions a particular class, that clause also handles any exception classes derived from that class (but not exception classes from which
Python Exception Class Methods
it is derived). Two exception classes that are not related via subclassing
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are never equivalent, even if they have the same name. The built-in exceptions listed below can be generated by the python attributeerror object has no attribute interpreter or built-in functions. Except where mentioned, they have an "associated value" indicating the detailed cause of the error. This may be a string or a tuple of several items of https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html information (e.g., an error code and a string explaining the code). The associated value is usually passed as arguments to the exception class's constructor. User code can raise built-in exceptions. This can be used to test an exception handler or to report an error condition "just like" the situation in which the interpreter raises the same exception; but beware that there is nothing to https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/exceptions.html prevent user code from raising an inappropriate error. The built-in exception classes can be sub-classed to define new exceptions; programmers are encouraged to at least derive new exceptions from the Exception class and not BaseException. More information on defining exceptions is available in the Python Tutorial under User-defined Exceptions. When raising (or re-raising) an exception in an except clause __context__ is automatically set to the last exception caught; if the new exception is not handled the traceback that is eventually displayed will include the originating exception(s) and the final exception. When raising a new exception (rather than using a bare raise to re-raise the exception currently being handled), the implicit exception context can be supplemented with an explicit cause by using from with raise: raise new_exc from original_exc The expression following from must be an exception or None. It will be set as __cause__ on the raised exception. Setting __cause__ also implicitly sets the __suppress_context__ attribute to True, so that using raise new_exc from None effectively replaces the old exception with the new one for display purposes (e.g. converting KeyError to AttributeError, while leaving the old exception available in __context
here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1319615/proper-way-to-declare-custom-exceptions-in-modern-python of this site About Us Learn more about Stack Overflow the company Business Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us Stack Overflow Questions Jobs Documentation Tags Users Badges Ask Question x Dismiss Join the Stack Overflow Community Stack Overflow is a community of 6.2 million programmers, just like you, helping each other. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign python exception up Proper way to declare custom exceptions in modern Python? up vote 595 down vote favorite 158 What's the proper way to declare custom exception classes in modern Python? My primary goal is to follow whatever standard other exception classes have, so that (for instance) any extra string I include in the exception is printed out by whatever tool caught the exception. python built in By "modern Python" I mean something that will run in Python 2.5 but be 'correct' for the Python 2.6 and Python 3.* way of doing things. And by "custom" I mean an Exception object that can include extra data about the cause of the error: a string, maybe also some other arbitrary object relevant to the exception. I was tripped up by the following deprecation warning in Python 2.6.2: >>> class MyError(Exception): ... def __init__(self, message): ... self.message = message ... >>> MyError("foo") _sandbox.py:3: DeprecationWarning: BaseException.message has been deprecated as of Python 2.6 It seems crazy that BaseException has a special meaning for attributes named message. I gather from PEP-352 that attribute did have a special meaning in 2.5 they're trying to deprecate away, so I guess that name (and that one alone) is now forbidden? Ugh. I'm also fuzzily aware that Exception has some magic parameter args, but I've never known how to use it. Nor am I sure it's the right way to do things going forward; a lot of the discussion I found online suggested they were trying to do away with args