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you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: syntax errors and exceptions. 8.1. Syntax Errors¶ Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps python error types the most common kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python:

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>>> while True print('Hello world') File "", line 1 while True print('Hello world') ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax The parser repeats python raise valueerror the offending line and displays a little ‘arrow' pointing at the earliest point in the line where the error was detected. The error is caused by (or at least detected at) the token preceding

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the arrow: in the example, the error is detected at the function print(), since a colon (':') is missing before it. File name and line number are printed so you know where to look in case the input came from a script. 8.2. Exceptions¶ Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors syntax for raise clause in python detected during execution are called exceptions and are not unconditionally fatal: you will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown here: >>> 10 * (1/0) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ZeroDivisionError: division by zero >>> 4 + spam*3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'spam' is not defined >>> '2' + 2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the types in the example are ZeroDivisionError, NameError and TypeError. The string printed as the exception type is the name of the built-in exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in exceptions, but need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is a useful convention). Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved keywords). The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what caused it. The

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Exceptions Python Advanced Tutorial Python - Classes/Objects Python - Reg Expressions Python - CGI Programming Python - Database Access Python - Networking python raise exception with message Python - Sending Email Python - Multithreading Python - XML Processing Python - GUI Programming Python - Further Extensions Python Useful Resources Python - Questions and Answers Python - Quick Guide Python - Tools/Utilities Python https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html - Useful Resources Python - Discussion Selected Reading Developer's Best Practices Questions and Answers Effective Resume Writing HR Interview Questions Computer Glossary Who is Who Python Exceptions Handling Advertisements Previous Page Next Page Python provides two very important features to handle any unexpected error in your Python programs and to add debugging capabilities in them − Exception Handling: This would be covered in this tutorial. Here is a list https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_exceptions.htm standard Exceptions available in Python: Standard Exceptions. Assertions: This would be covered in Assertions in Python tutorial. List of Standard Exceptions − EXCEPTION NAME DESCRIPTION Exception Base class for all exceptions StopIteration Raised when the next() method of an iterator does not point to any object. SystemExit Raised by the sys.exit() function. StandardError Base class for all built-in exceptions except StopIteration and SystemExit. ArithmeticError Base class for all errors that occur for numeric calculation. OverflowError Raised when a calculation exceeds maximum limit for a numeric type. FloatingPointError Raised when a floating point calculation fails. ZeroDivisonError Raised when division or modulo by zero takes place for all numeric types. AssertionError Raised in case of failure of the Assert statement. AttributeError Raised in case of failure of attribute reference or assignment. EOFError Raised when there is no input from either the raw_input() or input() function and the end of file is reached. ImportError Raised when an import statement fails. KeyboardInterrupt Raised when the user interrupts program execution, usually by pressing Ctrl+c. LookupError Base class for all lookup errors. IndexErrorKeyError Raised when an index is not found in a sequence.Raised when the specified key is not found in the dictionary. NameError Raised when an identifier is not found in the local or globa

— PyMOTW 3 gettext — Message Catalogs — PyMOTW 3 copy — Duplicate Objects — PyMOTW 3 LinksAbout Me Python Module https://doughellmann.com/blog/2009/06/19/python-exception-handling-techniques/ of the Week The Python Standard Library by Example Long Form Posts Presentations Book Reviews Archives Archives Select Month October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June https://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/python/web/raise-statement.html 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 November 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 January 2015 python raise December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August clause in python 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 December 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 Python Exception Handling Techniques

Error reporting and processing through exceptions is one of Python’s key features. Care must be taken when handling exceptions to ensure proper application cleanup while maintaining useful error reporting. Error reporting and proc

program can't really proceed normally. For an overview, see Section 25, “Exceptions: Error signaling and handling”. There are three forms of the raise statement: raise raise E1 raise E1, E2 The first form is equivalent to “raise None,None” and the second form is equivalent to “raise E1, None”. Each form raises an exception of a given type and with a given value. The type and value depend on how many expressions you provide: E1E2Exception typeException valueNoneNone Re-raise the current exception, if any. This might be done, for example, inside an except, else, or finally block; see Section 23.8, “The try statement: Anticipate exceptions”. classNone E1 E1() class instance of E1 E1E2classtupleE1 E1(*E2) classnone of the aboveE1 E1(E2) instanceNone type(E1) E1 The current recommended practice is to use a raise statement of this form: raise E(...) where E is some class derived from the built-in Exception class: you can use one of the built-in exceptions, or you can create your own exception classes. For classes derived from Exception, the constructor takes one argument, an error message—that is, a string explaining why the exception was raised. The resulting instance makes that message available as an attribute named .message. Example: >>> try: ... raise ValueError('The day is too frabjous.') ... except ValueError as x: ... pass ... >>> type(x) >>> x.message 'The day is too frabjous.' To create your own exceptions, write a class that inherits from Exception and passes its argument to the parent constructor, as in this example. >>> class VocationError(E

 

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