Definition Of Steady State Error
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MOTORPOSITION SUSPENSION INVERTEDPENDULUM AIRCRAFTPITCH BALL&BEAM Extras: Steady-State Error Contents Calculating steady-state errors System type and steady-state error Example: Meeting steady-state error requirements Steady-state error is defined as the difference between the input (command) and the output of a system in the limit as time goes to infinity (i.e. when the stability and steady state error response has reached steady state). The steady-state error will depend on the type of input (step, zero steady state error step input ramp, etc.) as well as the system type (0, I, or II). Note: Steady-state error analysis is only useful for stable systems. You
Steady State Error System Type
should always check the system for stability before performing a steady-state error analysis. Many of the techniques that we present will give an answer even if the error does not reach a finite steady-state value. Calculating steady-state errors Before
Steady State Error Of Type 1 System
talking about the relationships between steady-state error and system type, we will show how to calculate error regardless of system type or input. Then, we will start deriving formulas we can apply when the system has a specific structure and the input is one of our standard functions. Steady-state error can be calculated from the open- or closed-loop transfer function for unity feedback systems. For example, let's say that we have the system given below. This is equivalent to system type number steady state error the following system, where T(s) is the closed-loop transfer function. We can calculate the steady-state error for this system from either the open- or closed-loop transfer function using the Final Value Theorem. Recall that this theorem can only be applied if the subject of the limit (sE(s) in this case) has poles with negative real part. (1) (2) Now, let's plug in the Laplace transforms for some standard inputs and determine equations to calculate steady-state error from the open-loop transfer function in each case. Step Input (R(s) = 1 / s): (3) Ramp Input (R(s) = 1 / s^2): (4) Parabolic Input (R(s) = 1 / s^3): (5) When we design a controller, we usually also want to compensate for disturbances to a system. Let's say that we have a system with a disturbance that enters in the manner shown below. We can find the steady-state error due to a step disturbance input again employing the Final Value Theorem (treat R(s) = 0). (6) When we have a non-unity feedback system we need to be careful since the signal entering G(s) is no longer the actual error E(s). Error is the difference between the commanded reference and the actual output, E(s) = R(s) - Y(s). When there is a transfer function H(s) in the feedback path, the signal being substracted from R(s) is no longer the true output Y(s), it has been distor
Error Click here to return to the Table of Contents Why Worry About Steady State Error? Control systems are used to control some physical variable. That variable
Steady State Error Example
may be a temperature somewhere, the attitude of an aircraft or a frequency in steady error constant a communication system. Whatever the variable, it is important to control the variable accurately. If you are designing a the static error constants depends on control system, how accurately the system performs is important. If it is desired to have the variable under control take on a particular value, you will want the variable to get as close http://ctms.engin.umich.edu/CTMS/index.php?aux=Extras_Ess to the desired value as possible. Certainly, you will want to measure how accurately you can control the variable. Beyond that you will want to be able to predict how accurately you can control the variable. To be able to measure and predict accuracy in a control system, a standard measure of performance is widely used. That measure of performance is steady state error - SSE - https://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/eControlHTML/Design/Perf1SSE.htm and steady state error is a concept that assumes the following: The system under test is stimulated with some standard input. Typically, the test input is a step function of time, but it can also be a ramp or other polynomial kinds of inputs. The system comes to a steady state, and the difference between the input and the output is measured. The difference between the input - the desired response - and the output - the actual response is referred to as the error. Goals For This Lesson Given our statements above, it should be clear what you are about in this lesson. Here are your goals. Given a linear feedback control system, Be able to compute the SSE for standard inputs, particularly step input signals. Be able to compute the gain that will produce a prescribed level of SSE in the system. Be able to specify the SSE in a system with integral control. In this lesson, we will examine steady state error - SSE - in closed loop control systems. The closed loop system we will examine is shown below. The system to be controlled has a transfer function G(s). There
Control Systems and Control Engineering Table of Contents All Versions PDF Version ← Digital and Analog System Modeling → Glossary https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Control_Systems/System_Metrics Contents 1 System Metrics 2 Standard Inputs 3 Steady State 3.1 http://ece.gmu.edu/~gbeale/ece_421/ess_01.html Step Response 4 Target Value 5 Rise Time 6 Percent Overshoot 7 Steady-State Error 8 Settling Time 9 System Order 9.1 Proper Systems 9.2 Example: System Order 10 System Type 10.1 Z-Domain Type 11 Visually System Metrics[edit] When a system is being designed and analyzed, steady state it doesn't make any sense to test the system with all manner of strange input functions, or to measure all sorts of arbitrary performance metrics. Instead, it is in everybody's best interest to test the system with a set of standard, simple reference functions. Once the system is tested with the reference functions, there are a number steady state error of different metrics that we can use to determine the system performance. It is worth noting that the metrics presented in this chapter represent only a small number of possible metrics that can be used to evaluate a given system. This wikibook will present other useful metrics along the way, as their need becomes apparent. Standard Inputs[edit] Note: All of the standard inputs are zero before time zero. All the standard inputs are causal. There are a number of standard inputs that are considered simple enough and universal enough that they are considered when designing a system. These inputs are known as a unit step, a ramp, and a parabolic input. Unit Step A unit step function is defined piecewise as such: [Unit Step Function] u ( t ) = { 0 , t < 0 1 , t ≥ 0 {\displaystyle u(t)=\left\{{\begin{matrix}0,&t<0\\1,&t\geq 0\end{matrix}}\right.} The unit step function is a highly important function, not only in control systems engineering, but also in signal processing, systems analy
R(s) can be interpreted as the desired value of the output, and the output of the summing junction, E(s), is the error between the desired and actual output values. The behavior of this error signal as time t goes to infinity (the steady-state error) is the topic of this example. The Final Value Theorem of Laplace Transforms will be used to determine the steady-state error. The one very important requirement for using the Final Value Theorem correctly in this type of application is that the closed-loop system must be BIBO stable, that is, all poles of the closed-loop transfer function C(s)/R(s) must be strictly in the left-half of the s-plane. Steady-state error in terms of System Type and Input Type Input Signals -- The steady-state error will be determined for a particular class of reference input signals, namely those signals that can be expressed in the time domain as simple powers of t, such as step, ramp, parabola, etc. The Laplace Transforms for signals in this class all have the form System Type -- With this type of input signal, the steady-state error ess will depend on the open-loop transfer function Gp(s) in a very simple way. We will define the System Type to be the number of poles of Gp(s) at the origin of the s-plane (s=0), and denote the System Type by N. The relation between the System Type N and the Type of the reference input signal q determines the form of the steady-state error. We will see that the steady-state error can only have 3 possible forms: zero a non-zero, finite number infinity As seen in the equations below, the form of the steady-state error only depends on the value of N+1-q. If that value is positive, the numerator of ess evaluates to 0 when the limit is taken, and thus the steady-state error is zero. If N+1-q is negative, the numerator of ess evaluates to 1/0 in the limit, and the steady-state error is infinity. If N+1-q is 0, the numerator of ess is a non-zero, finite constant, and so is the steady-state error. In this case, the steady-state error is inversely related to the open-loop trans