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Error And Uncertainty In Physics

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and Graphs phy124:error_and_uncertainty Table of Contents Uncertainty, Error and Graphs Uncertainty in measurements An inspirational message from 1600 for care in experimentation Notation Error Absolute Error Relative Error Random Error Systematic Error Propagation of Errors Obtaining

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Values from Graphs An experiment with the simple pendulum: Things one would what are the three types of uncertainty in physics measure Estimate of error in the length of the string Error in the period Making a plot of random uncertainty physics our data Uncertainty, Error and Graphs Uncertainty in measurements In physics, as in every other experimental science, one cannot make any measurement without having some degree of uncertainty. A proper

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experiment must report for each measured quantity both a “best” value and an uncertainty. Thus it is necessary to learn the techniques for estimating them. Although there are powerful formal tools for this, simple methods will suffice in this course. To a large extent, we emphasize a “common sense” approach based on asking ourselves just how much any measured quantity

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in our experiments could be “off”. One could say that we occasionally use the concept of “best” value and its “uncertainty” in everyday speech, perhaps without even knowing it. Suppose a friend with a car at Stony Brook needs to pick up someone at JFK airport and doesn't know how far away it is or how long it will take to get there. You might have made this drive yourself (the “experiment”) and “measured” the distance and time, so you might respond, “Oh, it's 50 miles give or take a few, and it will take you one and a half hours give or take a half-hour or so, unless the traffic is awful, and then who knows?” What you'll learn to do in this course is to make such statements in a more precise form about real experimental data that you will collect and analyze. Semantics: It is better (and easier) to do physics when everyone taking part has the same meaning for each word being used. Words often confused, even by practicing scientists, are “uncertainty” and

the empirical resources are exhausted need we pass on to the dreamy realm of speculation." -- uncertainty calculation physics Edwin Hubble, The Realm of the Nebulae (1936) Uncertainty To physicists

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the terms "error" or "uncertainty" do not mean "mistake". Mistakes, such as incorrect calculations due to absolute uncertainty physics the improper use of a formula, can be and should be corrected. However, even mistake-free lab measurements have an inherent uncertainty or error. Consider the dartboards shown http://skipper.physics.sunysb.edu/~physlab/doku.php?id=phy124:error_and_uncertainty below, in which the 'grouping' of thrown darts is a proxy for our laboratory measurements. A 'precise' measurement means the darts are close together. An 'accurate' measurement means the darts hit close to the bullseye. Notice the combinations: Measurements are precise, just not very accurate Measurements are accurate, but not precise Measurements neither precise nor http://www2.sjs.org/friedman/PhysAPC/Errors%20and%20Uncertainties.htm accurate Measurements both precise and accurate There are several different kinds and sources of error: Actual variations in the quantity being measured, e.g. the diameter of a cylindrically shaped object may actually be different in different places. The remedy for this situation is to find the average diameter by taking a number of measurements at a number of different places. Then the scatter within your measurements gives an estimate of the reliability of the average diameter you report. Note that we usually assume that our measured values lie on both sides of the 'true' value, so that averaging our measurements gets us closer to the 'truth'. Another approach, especially suited to the measurement of small quantities, is sometimes called 'stacking.' Measure the mass of a feather by massing a lot of feathers and dividing the total mass by their number. Systematic errors in the measuring device used. Suppose your sensor reports values that are consistently shifted from the expected value; averagi

Religions Natural Sciences Biology Biology 2016 Chemistry Design Technology Environmental Systems And Societies Physics Sports Exercise And Health Science http://ibguides.com/physics/notes/measurement-and-uncertainties Mathematics Mathematics Studies Mathematics SL Mathematics HL Computer Science The Arts Dance Film Music Theatre Visual Arts More Theory Of Knowledge Extended Essay Creativity Activity Service 1 Physics and physical measurementThe realm of physicsMeasurement & uncertaintiesVectors & scalars2 MechanicsKinematicsForces & dynamicsWork, energy & powerUniform circular motion4 Oscillations and wavesKinematics of simple harmonic motion (SHM)Energy uncertainty physics changes during simple harmonic motion (SHM)Forced oscillations & resonanceWave characteristicsWave properties Measurement and uncertainties1.2.1 State the fundamental units in the SI system.Many different types of measurements are made in physics. In order to provide a clear and concise set of data, a specific system of units is used across all sciences. This system is called uncertainty in physics the International System of Units (SI from the French "Système International d'unités"). The SI system is composed of seven fundamental units: Figure 1.2.1 - The fundamental SI units Quantity Unit name Unit symbol mass kilogram kg time second s length meter m temperature kelvin K Electric current ampere A Amount of substance mole mol Luminous intensity candela cd Note that the last unit, candela, is not used in the IB diploma program.1.2.2 Distinguish between fundamental and derived units and give examples of derived units.In order to express certain quantities we combine the SI base units to form new ones. For example, if we wanted to express a quantity of speed which is distance/time we write m/s (or, more correctly m s-1). For some quantities, we combine the same unit twice or more, for example, to measure area which is length x width we write m2. Certain combinations or SI units can be rather long and hard to read, for t

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