A Bit Error Rate Test
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be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, bit error rate tester interference, distortion or bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit error rate calculation bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number bit error rate test equipment of transferred bits during a studied time interval. BER is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.[1] The bit error probability pe is the expectation value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can bit error rate test set be considered as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors. Contents 1 Example 2 Packet error ratio 3 Factors affecting the BER 4 Analysis of the BER 5 Mathematical draft 6 Bit error rate test 6.1 Common types of BERT stress patterns 7 Bit error rate tester 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Example[edit] As an example,
Bit Error Rate Test Software
assume this transmitted bit sequence: 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 and the following received bit sequence: 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1, The number of bit errors (the underlined bits) is, in this case, 3. The BER is 3 incorrect bits divided by 10 transferred bits, resulting in a BER of 0.3 or 30%. Packet error ratio[edit] The packet error ratio (PER) is the number of incorrectly received data packets divided by the total number of received packets. A packet is declared incorrect if at least one bit is erroneous. The expectation value of the PER is denoted packet error probability pp, which for a data packet length of N bits can be expressed as p p = 1 − ( 1 − p e ) N {\displaystyle p_{p}=1-(1-p_{e})^{N}} , assuming that the bit errors are independent of each other. For small bit error probabilities, this is approximately p p ≈ p e N . {\displaystyle p_{p}\approx p_{e}N.} Similar measurements can be carried out for the transmission of frames, blocks, or symbols. Factors affecting the BER[edit] In a communication system, the receiver side BER may be affected by transmission channel noise, interference, distortion, bit synchronization problems, attenuation, wireless multipath fading, etc. The BER may be improved by choosing a strong signal strength (unless this causes cross-tal
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Bit Error Rate Testing Tutorial
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IOS and NX-OS SoftwareCisco IOS Software Releases 12.0 SConfigureFeature Guides Bit Error Rate Testing Download Print Available Languages http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/bert.html Download Options PDF (492.0 KB) View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices Updated:May 27, 2008 Bit Error Rate Testing Table Of Contents Bit Error Rate Testing Contents Feature Overview Performing a BER Test BERT Patterns Supported Benefits Restrictions Related Features and Technologies Related Documents Configuration Tasks Performing a BER Test on a T1 Line bit error Terminating a BER Test on a T1 Line Verifying a BER Test on a T1 Line Performing a BER Test on a DS3/E3 Interface Terminating a BER Test on a DS3/E3 Interface Verifying a BER Test on a DS3/E3 Interface Monitoring and Maintaining BER Tests Configuration Examples Additional References Standards MIBs RFCs Technical Assistance Command bit error rate Reference bert pattern interval show controllers Glossary Bit Error Rate Testing This feature module describes how to configure a bit error rate test (BERT) and display the test results for channelized line cards in Cisco internet routers. History for the Bit Error Rate Testing Feature Release Modification 12.0(14)S This feature was introduced with six-port Channelized T3 line cards in Cisco 12000 series Internet routers. 12.0(17)S12.0(17)ST This feature was introduced with two-port Channelized OC-3/STM-1 line cards in Cisco 12000 series Internet routers. 12.0(21)S12.0(21)ST This feature was introduced with four-port Channelized OC-12/STM-4 line cards in Cisco 12000 series Internet routers. 12.0(21)S BERT pattern enhancements were added on six-port Channelized T3 line cards in Cisco 12000 series Internet routers. 12.2(28)SB This feature was integrated into CiscoIOS Release 12.2(28)SB. 12.0(33)S This feature was integrated into CiscoIOS Release 12.0(33)S. Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS Software Images Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and CiscoIOS software image support. Access Cisco Feature Navigator at http://www.cisco.com/go/fn.