Average Bit Error Rate Performance
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Bit Error Rate Measurement
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be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a bit error rate tester software communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, distortion or bit synchronization bit error rate testing errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also
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BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits during a studied time interval. BER is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.[1] The bit error http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/26/21961/01021047.pdf?arnumber=1021047 probability pe is the expectation value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can be considered as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors. Contents 1 Example 2 Packet error ratio 3 Factors affecting the BER 4 Analysis of the BER 5 Mathematical draft 6 Bit error rate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_error_rate test 6.1 Common types of BERT stress patterns 7 Bit error rate tester 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Example[edit] As an example, assume this transmitted bit sequence: 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 and the following received bit sequence: 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1, The number of bit errors (the underlined bits) is, in this case, 3. The BER is 3 incorrect bits divided by 10 transferred bits, resulting in a BER of 0.3 or 30%. Packet error ratio[edit] The packet error ratio (PER) is the number of incorrectly received data packets divided by the total number of received packets. A packet is declared incorrect if at least one bit is erroneous. The expectation value of the PER is denoted packet error probability pp, which for a data packet length of N bits can be expressed as p p = 1 − ( 1 − p e ) N {\displaystyle p_{p}=1-(1-p_{e})^{N}} , assuming that the bit errors are independent of each other. For small bit error probabilities, this is approximately p p ≈ p e N . {\displaystyle p_{p}\approx p_{e}N.} Similar measurements can be carried out for the trans
LinkedIn Reddit Download Full-text PDF Average Bit-Error Rate of the Alamouti Scheme in Gamma-Gamma Fading ChannelsArticle (PDF Available) in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 23(4):269 - 271 · March 2011 with 213 ReadsDOI: 10.1109/LPT.2010.2100815 · Source: IEEE Xplore1st https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224206694_Average_Bit-Error_Rate_of_the_Alamouti_Scheme_in_Gamma-Gamma_Fading_Channels Jaedon Park16.76 · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology2nd Lee Eunju19.97 · Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI)3rd Giwan Yoon33.78 · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyAbstractMulti-input multi-output (MIMO) in free-space optics communications with subcarrier intensity modulation has been a big research issue due to the diversity gain of MIMO to mitigate the signal scintillation caused by the atmospheric turbulence. In this bit error work, we have analyzed the performance of the Alamouti scheme in FSO links. Particularly, a power series expression of the average bit-error rate (BER) of the Alamouti scheme is derived in gamma-gamma fading channels. As a result, the Alamouti scheme could achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of 37 dB in a strong turbulence regime, and also a high SNR gain of 27 dB in a bit error rate moderate turbulence regime over the no diversity at the BER of 10-6.Discover the world's research10+ million members100+ million publications100k+ research projectsJoin for free FiguresEnlarge IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 23, NO. 4, FEBRUARY 15, 2011 269Average Bit-Error Rate of the Alamouti Scheme inGamma-Gamma Fading ChannelsJaedon Park, Eunju Lee, and Giwan YoonAbstract—Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) in free-spaceoptics communications with subcarrier intensity modulation hasbeen a big research issue due to the diversity gain of MIMOto mitigate the signal scintillation caused by the atmosphericturbulence. In this work, we have analyzed the performance ofthe Alamouti scheme in FSO links. Particularly, a power seriesexpression of the average bit-error rate (BER) of the Alamoutischeme is derived in gamma-gamma fading channels. As a result,the Alamouti scheme could achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) gain of 37 dB in a strong turbulence regime, and also a highSNR gain of 27 dB in a moderate turbulence regime over the nodiversity at the BER of.Index Terms—Alamouti scheme, free-space optics (FSO) com-munications, gamma-gamma fading.I. INTRODUCTIONFREE-SPACE optics (FSO) communications technologyhas attracted an enormous attention because of its abilityto provide high security and high data rates with license-freebands [1]–[4]. In the implementation of the FSO communi-cations systems, the intensity modulation and d