Error Control Data Link Layer
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citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In information theory and
Difference Between Error Control And Flow Control In Data Link Layer
coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunication, error detection and congestion control in data link layer correction or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. Many
Flow Control In Data Link Layer Ppt
communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while error flow control in data link layer vs flow control in transport layer correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases. Contents 1 Definitions 2 History 3 Introduction 4 Implementation 5 Error detection schemes 5.1 Repetition codes 5.2 Parity bits 5.3 Checksums 5.4 Cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) 5.5 Cryptographic hash functions 5.6 Error-correcting codes 6 Error correction 6.1 Automatic repeat request (ARQ) 6.2 Error-correcting code 6.3 Hybrid schemes 7 Applications flow control and error control in computer networks 7.1 Internet 7.2 Deep-space telecommunications 7.3 Satellite broadcasting (DVB) 7.4 Data storage 7.5 Error-correcting memory 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Definitions[edit] The general definitions of the terms are as follows: Error detection is the detection of errors caused by noise or other impairments during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. Error correction is the detection of errors and reconstruction of the original, error-free data. History[edit] The modern development of error-correcting codes in 1947 is due to Richard W. Hamming.[1] A description of Hamming's code appeared in Claude Shannon's A Mathematical Theory of Communication[2] and was quickly generalized by Marcel J. E. Golay.[3] Introduction[edit] The general idea for achieving error detection and correction is to add some redundancy (i.e., some extra data) to a message, which receivers can use to check consistency of the delivered message, and to recover data determined to be corrupted. Error-detection and correction schemes can be either systematic or non-systematic: In a systematic scheme, the transmitter sends the original data, and attaches a fixed number of c
be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) OSI model by layer 7. Application layer NNTP SIP SSI DNS FTP Gopher HTTP NFS NTP SMPP SMTP SNMP
Difference Between Flow Control And Error Control
Telnet DHCP Netconf more.... 6. Presentation layer MIME XDR 5. Session layer Named flow control in data link layer pdf pipe NetBIOS SAP PPTP RTP SOCKS SPDY 4. Transport layer TCP UDP SCTP DCCP SPX 3. Network layer IP IPv4
Difference Between Error Control And Flow Control In Data Link Layer And Transport Layer
IPv6 ICMP IPsec IGMP IPX AppleTalk X.25 PLP 2. Data link layer ATM ARP IS-IS SDLC HDLC CSLIP SLIP GFP PLIP IEEE 802.2 LLC MAC L2TP IEEE 802.3 Frame Relay ITU-T G.hn DLL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction PPP X.25LAPB Q.921 LAPD Q.922 LAPF 1. Physical layer EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 ITU-T V-Series I.430 I.431 PDH SONET/SDH PON OTN DSL IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.16 IEEE 1394 ITU-T G.hn PHY USB Bluetooth RS-232 RS-449 v t e The data link layer or layer 2 is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.[1] The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and might provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer. The data link layer is concerned with local delivery of frames between devices on the same LAN. Data-link frames, as these protocol data units are called, do not cross the boundaries of a local network. Inter-network routing and global addressing are higher-layer functions, allowing data-link protocols to focus on local delivery, addressing, and media arbitration. This way, the data link layer is analogous to a neighborhood traffic cop; it endeavors to arbitrate between parties contending for access to a medium, without concern for their ultimate destination. When devices attempt to use a medium simultaneously, frame collisions occur. Data-link protocols specify how devices detect and recover from such collisions, and may provide mechanisms to reduce or prevent them. Examples of data link protocols are Ethernet for local area networks (multi-node), the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), HDLC and ADCCP for point-to-point (dual-node) con
Introduction[edit] Data link layer is layer 2 in OSI model. It is responsible for communications between adjacent network nodes. It handles the data moving in and out across the https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/Error_Control,_Flow_Control,_MAC physical layer. It also provides a well defined service to the network layer. Data link layer is divided into two sub layers. The Media Access Control (MAC) and logical Link Control (LLC). Data-Link layer ensures that an initial connection has been set up, divides output data into data frames, and handles the acknowledgements from a receiver that the data arrived successfully. It also ensures data link that incoming data has been received successfully by analyzing bit patterns at special places in the frames. In the following sections data link layer's functions- Error control and Flow control has been discussed. After that MAC layer is explained. Multiple access protocols are explained in the MAC layer section. Error Control[edit] Network is responsible for transmission of data from one device to another device. The data link layer end to end transfer of data from a transmitting application to a receiving application involves many steps, each subject to error. With the error control process, we can be confident that the transmitted and received data are identical. Data can be corrupted during transmission. For reliable communication, error must be detected and corrected. Error control is the process of detecting and correcting both the bit level and packet level errors. Types of Errors Single Bit Error The term single bit error means that only one bit of the data unit was changed from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. Burst Error In term burst error means that two or more bits in the data unit were changed. Burst error is also called packet level error, where errors like packet loss, duplication, reordering. Error Detection Error detection is the process of detecting the error during the transmission between the sender and the receiver. Types of error detection Parity checking Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Checksum Redundancy Redundancy allows a receiver to check whether received data was corrupted during transmission. So that he can request a retransmission. Redundancy is the concept of using extra bits