Frame Relay Error Checking

Digital Network (ISDN) interfaces. Today, it is used over a variety of other network interfaces as well. This article how frame relay works focuses on Frame Relay's specifications and applications in the context of

Frame Relay Advantages And Disadvantages

WAN services. Guide Contents Internetworking Basics LAN Technologies WAN Technologies Internet Protocols Bridging and Switching Routing Network Management

Advantages Of Frame Relay

Voice/Data Integration Technologies Wireless Technologies Cable Access Technologies Dial-up Technology Security Technologies Quality of Service Networking Network Caching Technologies IBM Network Management Multiservice Access Technologies Contents 1 Introduction

Frame Relay Cisco

1.1 Frame Relay Standardization 2 Frame Relay Devices 2.1 Figure: DCEs Generally Reside Within Carrier-Operated WANs 3 Frame Relay Virtual Circuits 3.1 Switched Virtual Circuits 3.2 Permanent Virtual Circuits 3.3 Data-Link Connection Identifier 3.3.1 Figure: A Single Frame Relay Virtual Circuit Can Be Assigned Different DLCIs on Each End of a VC 4 Congestion-Control Mechanisms 4.1 Frame frame relay congestion control Relay Discard Eligibility 4.2 Frame Relay Error Checking 5 Frame Relay Local Management Interface 6 Frame Relay Network Implementation 6.1 Figure: A Simple Frame Relay Network Connects Various Devices to Different Services over a WAN 6.2 Public Carrier-Provided Networks 6.3 Private Enterprise Networks 7 Frame Relay Frame Formats 7.1 Standard Frame Relay Frame 7.1.1 Figure: Five Fields Comprise the Frame Relay Frame 7.2 LMI Frame Format 7.2.1 Figure: Nine Fields Comprise the Frame Relay That Conforms to the LMI Format 8 Summary 9 Review Questions Introduction Frame Relay is an example of a packet-switched technology. Packet-switched networks enable end stations to dynamically share the network medium and the available bandwidth. The following two techniques are used in packet-switching technology: Variable-length packets Statistical multiplexing Variable-length packets are used for more efficient and flexible data transfers. These packets are switched between the various segments in the network until the destination is reached. Statistical multiplexing techniques control network access in a packet-switched network. The advantage of this technique is that it accommodates more

article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June frame relay speed 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article frame relay protocol architecture needs attention from an expert in telecommunications. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template frame relay configuration to explain the issue with the article. WikiProject Telecommunications (or its Portal) may be able to help recruit an expert. (February 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Frame_Relay A basic Frame Relay network Frame Relay is a standardized wide area network technology that specifies the physical and data link layers of digital telecommunications channels using a packet switching methodology. Originally designed for transport across Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) infrastructure, it may be used today in the context of many other network interfaces. Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay for https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_Relay voice (VoFR) and data as an encapsulation technique used between local area networks (LANs) over a wide area network (WAN). Each end-user gets a private line (or leased line) to a Frame Relay node. The Frame Relay network handles the transmission over a frequently changing path transparent to all end-user extensively used WAN protocols. It is less expensive than leased lines and that is one reason for its popularity. The extreme simplicity of configuring user equipment in a Frame Relay network offers another reason for Frame Relay's popularity. With the advent of Ethernet over fiber optics, MPLS, VPN and dedicated broadband services such as cable modem and DSL, the end may loom for the Frame Relay protocol and encapsulation.[speculation?] However many rural areas remain lacking DSL and cable modem services. In such cases, the least expensive type of non-dial-up connection remains a 64-kbit/s Frame Relay line. Thus a retail chain, for instance, may use Frame Relay for connecting rural stores into their corporate WAN. Contents 1 Technical description 1.1 Protocol data unit 1.2 Congestion control 2 Origin 2.1 Relationship to X.25 3 Virt

fast and efficient method of transmitting information from a user device to LAN bridges and routers. The Frame Relay protocol uses a frame structured similar to that of http://www.protocols.com/pbook/frame/ LAPD, except that the frame header is replaced by a 2-byte Frame Relay header field. The Frame Relay header contains the user-specified DLCI field, which is the destination address of the frame. It also contains congestion and status signals which the network sends to the user. Virtual Circuits The Frame Relay frame is transmitted to its destination by way of virtual circuits frame relay (logical paths from an originating point in the network) to a destination point. Virtual circuits may be permanent (PVCs) or switched (SVCs). PVCs are set up administratively by the network manager for a dedicated point-to-point connection; SVCs are set up on a call-by-call basis. Advantages of Frame Relay Frame Relay offers an attractive alternative to both dedicated lines and X.25 networks for connecting frame relay error LANs to bridges and routers. The success of the Frame Relay protocol is based on the following two underlying factors: Because virtual circuits consume bandwidth only when they transport data, many virtual circuits can exist simultaneously across a given transmission line. In addition, each device can use more of the bandwidth as necessary, and thus operate at higher speeds. The improved reliability of communication lines and increased error-handling sophistication at end stations allows the Frame Relay protocol to discard erroneous frames and thus eliminate time-consuming error-handling processing. These two factors make Frame Relay a desirable choice for data transmission; however, they also necessitate testing to determine that the system works properly and that data is not lost. Frame Relay Structure Standards for the Frame Relay protocol have been developed by ANSI and CCITT simultaneously. The separate LMI specification has basically been incorporated into the ANSI specification. The following discussion of the protocol structure includes the major points from these specifications. The Frame Relay frame structure is based on the LAPD protocol. In the Frame Relay structure, the frame header is altered slightly to contain t