Raise_application_error Error Codes Range
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to your PL/SQL program. With many programming languages, unless you disable error checking, a run-time error such as stack overflow or division by zero stops normal processing and returns control to the raise application error oracle example operating system. With PL/SQL, a mechanism called exception handling lets you bulletproof your program
Raise_application_error Syntax
so that it can continue operating in the presence of errors. This chapter contains these topics: Overview of PL/SQL Runtime raise_application_error vs raise Error Handling Advantages of PL/SQL Exceptions Summary of Predefined PL/SQL Exceptions Defining Your Own PL/SQL Exceptions How PL/SQL Exceptions Are Raised How PL/SQL Exceptions Propagate Reraising a PL/SQL Exception Handling Raised PL/SQL Exceptions raise_application_error(-20001 Overview of PL/SQL Compile-Time Warnings Overview of PL/SQL Runtime Error Handling In PL/SQL, an error condition is called an exception. Exceptions can be internally defined (by the runtime system) or user defined. Examples of internally defined exceptions include division by zero and out of memory. Some common internal exceptions have predefined names, such as ZERO_DIVIDE and STORAGE_ERROR. The other internal exceptions can be given names. You can define
Pragma Exception_init And Raise Application Error
exceptions of your own in the declarative part of any PL/SQL block, subprogram, or package. For example, you might define an exception named insufficient_funds to flag overdrawn bank accounts. Unlike internal exceptions, user-defined exceptions must be given names. When an error occurs, an exception is raised. That is, normal execution stops and control transfers to the exception-handling part of your PL/SQL block or subprogram. Internal exceptions are raised implicitly (automatically) by the run-time system. User-defined exceptions must be raised explicitly by RAISE statements, which can also raise predefined exceptions. To handle raised exceptions, you write separate routines called exception handlers. After an exception handler runs, the current block stops executing and the enclosing block resumes with the next statement. If there is no enclosing block, control returns to the host environment. For information on managing errors when using BULK COLLECT, see "Handling FORALL Exceptions with the %BULK_EXCEPTIONS Attribute". Example 10-1 calculates a price-to-earnings ratio for a company. If the company has zero earnings, the division operation raises the predefined exception ZERO_DIVIDE, the execution of the block is interrupted, and control is transferred to the exception handlers. The optional OTHERS handler catches all exceptions that the block does not name spec
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raise_application_error parameters RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR tips Oracle Database Tips by Burleson Consulting March 3, 2015 Question: What does the PL/SQL raise_application_errorRaise_application_error Number Range
code do? Answer: The raise_application_error is actually a procedure defined by Oracle that allows the developer to raise an exception and associate an error number and message with the procedure. This https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14261/errors.htm allows the application to raise application errors rather than just Oracle errors. Error numbers are defined between -20,000 and -20,999. Oracle provides the raise_application_error procedure to allow you to raise custom error numbers within your applications. You can generate errors and their associated text starting with -20000 and proceeding through -20999 (a grand total of 1,000 error numbers that you can use). http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_raise_application_error.htm Below we illustrate the use of the raise_application_error procedure. Using the raise_application_error procedure: DECLARE Balance integer := 24; BEGIN IF (nBalance <= 100) THEN Raise_Application_Error (-20343, 'The balance is too low.');END IF;END; In this example, error number -20343 is raised if the value of nBalance isn't greater than 100, yielding a message that looks like this: ORA-20343: The balance is too low. All other numbers belong to Oracle for its own errors. The message can be anything that will fit in a varchar2(2000). The final parameter passed to the procedure is a Boolean(true/false) that tells the procedure to add this error to the error stack or replace all errors in the stack with this error. Passing the value of 'True' adds the error to the current stack, while the default is 'False'. SQL> create or replace procedure test_var2 (n_test IN number := 0,3 n_result OUT number)4 as5 begin 6 if n_test > 100 then7 raise_application_error(-20010,'Number Too Large');8 end if;9 n_result := n_test;10 end; 11 / Procedure created. SQL> declare2 n_numb number := &Number;3 n_2 number := 0;4 begin5 test_var(n_numb, n_2);6 dbms_output.put_line(n_2);7 end;8 /Ente
is. It is an abomination of hard-coding and poor practice. If you didn't know that, I'm sorry I was the one who told you. I've written and used extensively an ultra-simple framework http://www.oraclenerd.com/2010/10/never-use-raiseapplicationerror-again.html to eliminate RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR from my code forever.Here's an example (assume 11gR2) of something we all know we can do:begin dbms_output.put_line(1/0); end;This will throw an unhandled ORA-01476 exception. http://allthingsoracle.com/error-handling/ We could write some meaningful handling of that with this:begin dbms_output.put_line(1/0);exception when zero_divide then dbms_output.put_line('zero divide exception caught');end;This coding is elegant because Oracle has conveniently predefined an raise application exception named ZERO_DIVIDE and a corresponding pragma for us. Unfortunately, Oracle has only 22 predefined exceptions. What happens when I do this:declare d date;begin d := to_date('2010-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- works dbms_output.put_line(d); d := to_date('12345-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- fails dbms_output.put_line(d);end;This will throw an unhandled ORA-01861 exception. My option to handle this is less than meaningful because raise application error this is not a predefined exception:declare d date;begin d := to_date('2010-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- works dbms_output.put_line(d); d := to_date('12345-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- fails dbms_output.put_line(d);exception when others then case sqlcode when -1861 then dbms_output.put_line('literal does not match exception caught'); else raise; end case;end;This leads me to the inevitable desire to create my own named exception and pragma, so I could have code that looks like this instead:declare d date;begin d := to_date('2010-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- works dbms_output.put_line(d); d := to_date('12345-09-30', 'YYYY-MM-DD'); -- fails dbms_output.put_line(d);exception when error.ora_literal_string_mismatch then dbms_output.put_line('literal does not match exception caught');end;Understanding this, creating my own ERROR package with a friendly named exception and pragma for ORA-01861 leads me to the pattern of how to handle my own application exceptions, namely defining an exception and pragma. But how does this get RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR out of my life? Consider the ERROR abbreviated package source I use (full source: error.pks and error.pkb):create or replace package error is package_name constant varchar2(32) := 'error'; -- in case you
you should consider them as your closest friends. They are the ones that honestly say what is wrong with your program. We cannot foresee all possible problematic events, and even the best programmers write bugs. Exceptions There are three kinds of exceptions Internally defined: A system error, defined by Oracle, that occurs. Predefined: The most common internally defined exceptions that are given predefined names. User defined: A logical error which you define and raise yourself System errors could occur from improper coding, like the “ORA-01001: Invalid cursor”, which you should try to fix as soon as possible in your code. And the “TOO_MANY_ROWS”-error might give you clues about bad data quality. To resolve these bugs, it is important to know where, when and why it happened. But system errors could also occur from hardware failures, like the “ORA-12541: TNS: no listener”, when an ftp-server might be unreachable over the network. In that case, all you can do, and should do, is provide proper error handling and transaction management, and give as detailed information as possible about this situation to the people that need to know. These system-errors always have an error number assigned, so you can easily identify the error. The 22 predefined exceptions also have a name assigned, which allows for easier, and more readable exception handling. For the other, non-predefined, system-errors, a name can be linked by using the pragma “EXCEPTION_INIT”. DECLARE network_error EXCEPTION; PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(network_error, -12541); BEGIN ... EXCEPTION WHEN too_many_rows THEN ... WHEN network_error THEN ... END; User defined errors we will raise ourselves. They can be given a number and a name. To raise a user defined error with a chosen number and error message, we call the procedure “RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR”. Oracle allows us the create error numbers in the range of -20000 to -20999. This allows us to create 1000 unique error codes for our logical errors throughout our application. Just like we did for system errors, we can name our user defined errors by using the pragma “EXCEPTION_INIT”. BEGIN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000,’Logical error occured’); END; If we do not care about the error code and error message, and we will foresee a