Error Definition In Physics
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for finding the same measurement, it is not essential that they may get the same results. There may arises simple definition of physics a difference between their measurements. This difference is referred to as
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an "ERROR". Types Of Error Errors can be divided into three categories: (1) Personal Error (2) Systematic
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Error (3) Random Error Personal Error www.citycollegiate.com An error comes into play because of faulty procedure adopted by by the observer is called "PERSONAL ERROR". Personal error
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comes into existence due to making an error in reading a scale. It is due to faulty procedure adopted by the person making measurement. Systematic Error The type of error arises due to defect in the measuring device is known as "SYSTEMATIC ERROR" Generally it is called "ZERO ERROR". it may be positive or negative definition of physics work error. Systematic error can be removed by correcting measurement device. Random Error The error produced due to sudden change in experimental conditions is called "RANDOM ERROR". For example: During sudden change in temperature, change in humidity, fluctuation in potential difference(voltage). It is an accidental error and is beyond the control of the person making measurement. Atomic Mass www.citycollegiate.com Atomic mass is defined as : "The mass of one atom of the element compared with the mass of one atom of C12" Atomic mass is a ratio therefore it has no unit. Generally atoms mass is expressed in ATOMIC MASS UNIT(a.m.u). One atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12 of the mass of a C12 atom. Empirical Formula "Empirical Formula is that formula which expresses the relative number of each kind of atoms present in the molecule of a compound" OR "The formula of a compound which expresses the ratio in which atoms of different elements are combined in a molecule" Empirical formula only indicates atomic r
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in measuring the time required for a weight to fall to the floor, a random error will occur when an experimenter attempts to push a button that starts a timer simultaneously with the release of http://felix.physics.sunysb.edu/~allen/252/PHY_error_analysis.html the weight. If this random error dominates the fall time measurement, then if we repeat the measurement many times (N times) and plot equal intervals (bins) of the fall time ti on the horizontal axis against the number of times a given fall time ti occurs on the vertical axis, our results (see histogram below) should approach an ideal bell-shaped curve (called a Gaussian distribution) as definition of the number of measurements N becomes very large. The best estimate of the true fall time t is the mean value (or average value) of the distribution: átñ = (SNi=1 ti)/N . If the experimenter squares each deviation from the mean, averages the squares, and takes the square root of that average, the result is a quantity called the "root-mean-square" or the "standard deviation" s of the definition of physics distribution. It measures the random error or the statistical uncertainty of the individual measurement ti: s = Ö[SNi=1(ti - átñ)2 / (N-1) ].
About two-thirds of all the measurements have a deviation less than one s from the mean and 95% of all measurements are within two s of the mean. In accord with our intuition that the uncertainty of the mean should be smaller than the uncertainty of any single measurement, measurement theory shows that in the case of random errors the standard deviation of the mean smean is given by: sm = s / ÖN , where N again is the number of measurements used to determine the mean. Then the result of the N measurements of the fall time would be quoted as t = átñ ± sm. Whenever you make a measurement that is repeated N times, you are supposed to calculate the mean value and its standard deviation as just described. For a large number of measurements this procedure is somewhat tedious. If you have a calculator with statistical functions it may do the job for you. There is also a simplified prescription for estimating the random error which you can use. Assu