Fast Ethernet Error Rate
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be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In digital transmission, the number of bit errors is the number of received bits of a data stream over a communication channel that have been altered due to noise, interference, gigabit ethernet bit error rate distortion or bit synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit ethernet bit error rate standard errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred
Ethernet Bit Error Rate Test
bits during a studied time interval. BER is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage.[1] The bit error probability pe is the expectation value of the bit error ratio. The bit error ratio can be considered
Acceptable Bit Error Rate
as an approximate estimate of the bit error probability. This estimate is accurate for a long time interval and a high number of bit errors. Contents 1 Example 2 Packet error ratio 3 Factors affecting the BER 4 Analysis of the BER 5 Mathematical draft 6 Bit error rate test 6.1 Common types of BERT stress patterns 7 Bit error rate tester 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Example[edit] As an example, assume this transmitted 10g ethernet bit error rate bit sequence: 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 and the following received bit sequence: 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1, The number of bit errors (the underlined bits) is, in this case, 3. The BER is 3 incorrect bits divided by 10 transferred bits, resulting in a BER of 0.3 or 30%. Packet error ratio[edit] The packet error ratio (PER) is the number of incorrectly received data packets divided by the total number of received packets. A packet is declared incorrect if at least one bit is erroneous. The expectation value of the PER is denoted packet error probability pp, which for a data packet length of N bits can be expressed as p p = 1 − ( 1 − p e ) N {\displaystyle p_{p}=1-(1-p_{e})^{N}} , assuming that the bit errors are independent of each other. For small bit error probabilities, this is approximately p p ≈ p e N . {\displaystyle p_{p}\approx p_{e}N.} Similar measurements can be carried out for the transmission of frames, blocks, or symbols. Factors affecting the BER[edit] In a communication system, the receiver side BER may be affected by transmission channel noise, interference, distortion, bit synchronization problems, attenuation, wireless multipath fading, etc. The BER may be improved by choosing a strong signal strength (unless this causes cross-talk and more bit errors), by choos
Channel VMware Virtualization Load Balancing Storage FCoE Certifications ← Initial Thoughts on Apple's NewInitiative Rethinking RAID Cards on Isolated ESXiHosts → A High Fibre Diet: Twisted Pair StrikesBack February 10, 2012 12 Comments I saw a tweet recently from storage
Ethernet Error Rates
and virtualization expert Stu Miniman regarding Emulex announcing copper 10GBase-T Converged Network Adapters, running 10 gigabit ethernet error rate Gigabit Ethernet over copper (specifically Cat 6a cable). I recalled a comment I heard Greg Ferro made on a packet pushers episode 802 functional requirements document (and subsequent blog post) about copper not being reliable enough for storage, with the specific issue being the bit error rate (BER), how how many errors the standard (FC, Ethernet, etc.) will allow over a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_error_rate physical medium. As we've talked about before, networking people tend to be a little more devil-may-care about their bits, where as storage folks get all anal rententive chef about their bits. For 1 Gigabit Ethernet over copper (802.3ab/1000Base-T), the standard calls for a goal BER of less than 10-10, or one wrong bit in every 10,000,000,000 bits. Which incidentally, is one error every second for a line rate 10 Gigabit Ethernet. For https://datacenteroverlords.com/2012/02/10/a-high-fibre-diet/ Gigabit, that's on error every 10 seconds, or 6 per minute. Fibre Channel has a BER goal of less than 10-12, or on error in every 1,000,000,000,000 bits. That would be about 2 errors a minute with 10 Gigabit Ethernet. That's also 100 times less error-prone than Ethernet, which if you think about it, is a lot. To give a little scale, that's like comparing Barney Fife from The Andy Griffith show's bad assery to Jason Statham's character in.. well any movie he's ever been in. Holy shit, is he fighting… truancy? Barney Fife, the 10-10 error rate of law enforcement. Wait… Wow, did I really just say that? So given how fastidious about their storage networks storage folks can be, it's understandable that storage administrator wouldn't want their precious SCSI commands running over a network that's 100 times less reliable than Fibre Channel. However, while the Gigabit Ethernet standard has a BER target of less than 10-10, the 802.3an standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper (10GBaseT) has a BER goal of less than 10-12, which is in line with Fibre Channel's goal. So is 10 Gigabit Ethernet over Cat 6A good enough for storage (specifically FCoE)? Sounds like it. But the discussion also got me thinking, how close do we get t
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