Google Dram Error Rates
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Study Venue SIGMETRICS (2009) Publication Year 2009 Authors Bianca Schroeder, Eduardo Pinheiro, Wolf-Dietrich Weber BibTeX @inproceedings{35162, title = {DRAM Errors in the Wild: A
Dram Bit Error Rate
Large-Scale Field Study}, author = {Bianca Schroeder and Eduardo Pinheiro and Wolf-Dietrich Weber}, dram soft error rate year = 2009, booktitle = {SIGMETRICS} } Abstract Errors in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are a common
Dram Errors In The Wild: A Large-scale Field Study Schroeder Pinheiro Weber
form of hardware failure in modern compute clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs and service disruption. While a large body of work exists on DRAM in laboratory google dream conditions, little has been reported on real DRAM failures in large production clusters. In this paper, we analyze measurements of memory errors in a large fleet of commodity servers over a period of 2.5 years. The collected data covers multiple vendors, DRAM capacities and technologies, and comprises many millions of DIMM days. The goal of this paper is to answer questions such as the following: ecc How common are memory errors in practice? What are their statistical properties? How are they affected by external factors, such as temperature and utilization, and by chip-specific factors, such as chip density, memory technology and DIMM age? We find that DRAM error behavior in the field differs in many key aspects from commonly held assumptions. For example, we observe DRAM error rates that are orders of magnitude higher than previously reported, with 25,000 to 70,000 errors per billion device hours per Mbit and more than 8\% of DIMMs affected by errors per year. We provide strong evidence that memory errors are dominated by hard errors, rather than soft errors, which previous work suspects to be the dominant error mode. We find that temperature, known to strongly impact DIMM error rates in lab conditions, has a surprisingly small effect on error behavior in the field, when taking all other factors into account. Finally, unlike commonly feared, we don't observe any indication that newer generations of DIMMs have worse error behavior. Research At Google Home Publications People Teams Outreach Blog Work at Google More Google Scholar YouTube Tech Talks Follow Us Google+ T
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Central Europe Middle East Scandinavia Africa UK Italy Spain more Estonia European Union Mobility Hardware Innovation See All Topics White Papers Downloads Reviews Galleries Videos Newsletters All Writers Log In to ZDNET Join ZDNet About ZDNet Manage Profile Newsletters Author Alerts Discussion Alerts Recent Activity Log Out Go Menu Central Europe Middle East Scandinavia Africa UK Italy Spain http://research.google.com/pubs/pub35162.html Estonia European Union Mobility Hardware Innovation See All Topics White Papers Downloads Reviews Galleries Videos Log In to ZDNET Join ZDNet About ZDNet Manage Profile Newsletters Author Alerts Discussion Alerts Recent Activity Log Out eu Asia Australia Europe India United Kingdom United States ZDNet around the globe: ZDNet Belgium ZDNet China ZDNet France ZDNet Germany ZDNet Korea ZDNet Japan http://www.zdnet.com/article/dram-error-rates-nightmare-on-dimm-street/ DRAM error rates: Nightmare on DIMM street A two-and-a-half year study of DRAM on 10s of thousands Google servers found DIMM error rates are hundreds to thousands of times higher than thought -- a mean of 3,751 correctable errors per DIMM per year.This is the world's first large-scale study of RAM errors in the field. By Robin Harris for Storage Bits | October 4, 2009 -- 22:04 GMT (23:04 BST) | Topic: Hardware A two-and-a-half year study of DRAM on 10s of thousands Google servers found DIMM error rates are hundreds to thousands of times higher than thought -- a mean of 3,751 correctable errors per DIMM per year. This is the world's first large-scale study of RAM errors in the field. It looked at multiple vendors, DRAM densities and DRAM types including DDR1, DDR2 and FB-DIMM. Every system architect and motherboard designer should read it carefully. If you can’t trust DRAM . . . Here are some hard numbers from DRAM Errors in the Wild: A Large-Scale Field Study by Bianca Schroeder, U
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