Breathalyzer Sources Of Error
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subject as a whole. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing breathalyzer source code this message. Breath testers can be very sensitive to temperature, for
Breathalyzer Error Causes
example, and will give false readings if not adjusted or recalibrated to account for ambient or
Breathalyzer Margin Of Error
surrounding air temperatures. The temperature of the subject is also very important. Breathing pattern can also significantly affect breath test results. One study found that the BAC
Error Rate Of Breathalyzer
readings of subjects decreased 11–14% after running up one flight of stairs and 22–25% after doing so twice. Another study found a 15% decrease in BAC readings after vigorous exercise or hyperventilation. Hyperventilation for 20 seconds has been shown to lower the reading by approximately 11%. On the other hand, holding one's breath for 30 reasons breathalyzer error seconds can increase the breath test result by about 16%. Some breath analysis machines assume a hematocrit (cell volume of blood) of 47%. However, hematocrit values range from 42 to 52% in men and from 37 to 47% in women. It has been theorized that a person with a lower hematocrit will have a falsely high BAC reading. Research indicates that breath tests can vary at least 15% from actual blood alcohol concentration. An estimated 23% of individuals tested will have a BAC reading higher than their true BAC. Police in Victoria, Australia, use breathalyzers that give a recognized 20% tolerance on readings. Noel Ashby, former Victoria Police Assistant Commissioner (Traffic & Transport), claims that this tolerance is to allow for different body types.Read more about this topic: Breathalyzer Other articles related to "common sources of error": Breathalyzer - Common Sources of Error - Retrograde Extrapolation ... Extrapolation is calculated using five factors and a general elimination rate of 0.015/hour ... For exampl
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for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC) from a breath sample. Breathalyzer is the brand name (a genericized trademark) for the instrument that tests the alcohol level developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein.[1] It was registered as a trademark on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathalyzer May 13, 1954, but many people use the term to refer to any generic device for estimating blood alcohol content .[2] Contents 1 Origins 2 Chemistry 3 Law enforcement 4 Public and private consumer use 5 Breath test evidence in the United States 6 Common sources of error 6.1 Calibration 6.2 Non-specific analysis 6.3 Interfering compounds 6.4 Homeostatic variables 6.5 Mouth alcohol 6.6 Testing during absorptive phase 6.7 Retrograde extrapolation of error 7 Photovoltaic assay 8 Breath analyzer myths 9 Products that interfere with testing 10 References 11 External links Origins[edit] A 1927 paper produced by Emil Bogen,[3] who collected air in a football bladder and then tested this air for traces of alcohol, discovered that the alcohol content of 2litres of expired air was a little greater than that of 1cc of urine. However, research into the possibilities of using breath margin of error to test for alcohol in a person's body dates as far back as 1874, when Francis E. Anstie made the observation that small amounts of alcohol were excreted in breath.[4] Also, in 1927 a Chicago chemist, William Duncan McNally, invented a breathalyzer in which the breath moving through chemicals in water would change color. One use for his invention was for house wives to test whether their husbands had been drinking before letting them in the house.[5] In late 1927, in a case in Marlborough, England, a Dr. Gorsky, Police Surgeon, asked a suspect to inflate a football bladder with his breath. Since the 2liters of the man's breath contained 1.5ml of ethanol,[dubious – discuss] Dr. Gorsky testified before the court that the defendant was "50% drunk".[6] In 1931 the first practical roadside breath-testing device was the drunkometer developed by Rolla Neil Harger of the Indiana University School of Medicine. The drunkometer collected a motorist's breath sample directly into a balloon inside the machine.[7] The breath sample was then pumped through an acidified potassium permanganate solution. If there was alcohol in the breath sample, the solution changed color. The greater the color change, the more alcohol there was present in the breath. The drunkometer was manufactured and sold