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you have probably seen some. There are (at least) two distinguishable kinds of errors: syntax errors and exceptions. 8.1. Syntax Errors¶ Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, python error types are perhaps the most common kind of complaint you get while you are python raise custom exception still learning Python: >>> while True print 'Hello world' File "", line 1 while True print 'Hello world' ^ SyntaxError:

Python Exception Message

invalid syntax The parser repeats the offending line and displays a little ‘arrow' pointing at the earliest point in the line where the error was detected. The error is caused by (or

Python Raise Valueerror

at least detected at) the token preceding the arrow: in the example, the error is detected at the keyword print, since a colon (':') is missing before it. File name and line number are printed so you know where to look in case the input came from a script. 8.2. Exceptions¶ Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause python exception stack trace an error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during execution are called exceptions and are not unconditionally fatal: you will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown here: >>> 10 * (1/0) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero >>> 4 + spam*3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'spam' is not defined >>> '2' + 2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the types in the example are ZeroDivisionError, NameError and TypeError. The string printed as the exception type is the name of the built-in exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in exceptions, but need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is a useful convention). Standard exception names are built

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Python Print Exception

Stack Overflow the company Business Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads syntax for raise clause in python with us Stack Overflow Questions Jobs Documentation Tags Users Badges Ask Question x Dismiss Join the Stack Overflow Community Stack Overflow syntax for generic except clause in python is a community of 6.2 million programmers, just like you, helping each other. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python up vote 802 down vote favorite https://docs.python.org/2.7/tutorial/errors.html 190 How can I raise an exception in Python so that it can later be caught via an except block? python exception exception-handling share|improve this question edited Feb 3 '15 at 14:37 DavidRR 5,20472747 asked Jan 12 '10 at 21:07 TIMEX 41.2k201525826 add a comment| 3 Answers 3 active oldest votes up vote 789 down vote accepted How do I manually throw/raise an exception in Python? Use the most specific http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2052390/manually-raising-throwing-an-exception-in-python Exception constructor that semantically fits your issue. Be specific in your message, e.g.: raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened') Don't do this: Avoid raising a generic Exception, to catch it, you'll have to catch all other more specific exceptions that subclass it. Hiding bugs raise Exception('I know Python!') # don't, if you catch, likely to hide bugs. For example: def demo_bad_catch(): try: raise ValueError('represents a hidden bug, do not catch this') raise Exception('This is the exception you expect to handle') except Exception as error: print('caught this error: ' + repr(error)) >>> demo_bad_catch() caught this error: ValueError('represents a hidden bug, do not catch this',) Won't catch and more specific catches won't catch the general exception: def demo_no_catch(): try: raise Exception('general exceptions not caught by specific handling') except ValueError as e: print('we will not catch e') >>> demo_no_catch() Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "", line 3, in demo_no_catch Exception: general exceptions not caught by specific handling Best Practice: Instead, use the most specific Exception constructor that semantically fits your issue. raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened') which also handily allows an arbitrary number of arguments to be passed to the constructor. This works in Python 2 and 3. raise ValueEr

program can't really proceed normally. For an overview, see Section 25, “Exceptions: Error signaling and handling”. There are three https://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/python/web/raise-statement.html forms of the raise statement: raise raise E1 raise E1, http://www.ianbicking.org/blog/2007/09/re-raising-exceptions.html E2 The first form is equivalent to “raise None,None” and the second form is equivalent to “raise E1, None”. Each form raises an exception of a given type and with a given value. The type and value depend on how python raise many expressions you provide: E1E2Exception typeException valueNoneNone Re-raise the current exception, if any. This might be done, for example, inside an except, else, or finally block; see Section 23.8, “The try statement: Anticipate exceptions”. classNone E1 E1() class instance of E1 E1E2classtupleE1 E1(*E2) clause in python classnone of the aboveE1 E1(E2) instanceNone type(E1) E1 The current recommended practice is to use a raise statement of this form: raise E(...) where E is some class derived from the built-in Exception class: you can use one of the built-in exceptions, or you can create your own exception classes. For classes derived from Exception, the constructor takes one argument, an error message—that is, a string explaining why the exception was raised. The resulting instance makes that message available as an attribute named .message. Example: >>> try: ... raise ValueError('The day is too frabjous.') ... except ValueError as x: ... pass ... >>> type(x) >>> x.message 'The day is too frabjous.' To create your own exceptions, write a class that inherits from Exception and passes its argument to the parent constructor, as in this example. >>> class VocationError(Exception): ... def __init__(self, mismatch): ... Exception.__i

a little mini-tutorial for Python programmers, aboutexceptions… First, this isbad: try: some_code() except: revert_stuff() raise Exception("some_code failed!") It is bad because all the information about how some_code() failed is lost. The traceback, the error message itself. Maybe it was an expected error, maybe itwasn't. Here's a modest improvement (but still not verygood): try: some_code() except: import traceback traceback.print_exc() revert_stuff() raise Exception("some_code failed!") traceback.print_exc() prints the original traceback to stderr. Sometimes that's the best you can do, because you really want to recover from an unexpected error. But if you aren't recovering, this is what you shoulddo: try: some_code() except: revert_stuff() raise Using raise with no arguments re-raises the last exception. Sometimes people give a blank never use "except:" statement, but this particular form (except: + raise) isokay. There's another form of raise that not many people know about, but can also be handy. Like raise with no arguments, it can be used to keep thetraceback: try: some_code() except: import sys exc_info = sys.exc_info() maybe_raise(exc_info) def maybe_raise(exc_info): if for some reason this seems like it should be raised: raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2] This can be handy if you need to handle the exception in some different part of the code from where the exception happened. But usually it's not that handy; it's an obscure feature for areason. Another case when people often clobber the traceback is when they want to add information to it,e.g.: for lineno, line in enumerate(file): try: process_line(line) except Exception, exc: raise Exception("Error in line %s: %s" % (lineno, exc)) You keep the error message here, but lose the traceback. There's a couple ways to keep that traceback. One I sometimes use is to retain the exception, but change themessage: except Exception, exc: args = exc.args if not args: arg0 = '' else: arg0 = args[0] arg0 += ' at line %s' % lineno exc.args = arg0 + args[1:] raise It's a little awkward. Technically (though it's deprecated) you can raise anything as an exception. If you use except Exception: you won't catch things like string exceptions or oth

 

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