Error Bars In Experimental Biology Pubmed
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Error Bars In Experimental Biology Vol 177 1 7 11
in final edited form as:Dev Biol. 2010 Dec 1; 348(1): 3–11. Published online 2010 Sep 6. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.018PMCID: PMC3021327NIHMSID: NIHMS234660Categorical Data Analysis in Experimental BiologyBo Xu,a Xuyan Feng,a and Rebecca D. Burdine*,aaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 U.S.A* Author for correspondence Rebecca D. Burdine, Phone: (609) 258-7515, Fax: (609) 258-6730, Email: ude.notecnirp@enidrubrAuthor information â–º Copyright and License information â–ºCopyright notice and DisclaimerPublisher's DisclaimerThe publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Dev BiolSee other articles in PMC that cite the published article.AbstractThe categorical data set is an important data class in experimental biology and contains data separable into several mutually exclusive categories. Unlike measurement of a continuous variable, categorical data can not be analyzed with methods such as the student’s t-test. Thus, these data require a different method of analysis to aid in interpretation. In this article, we will review issues related to categorical data, such as how to plot them in a graph, how to integrate results from different experiments, how to calculate the error bar/region, and how to perform significance tests. In addition, we illustrate analysis of categorical data using experimental results from developmental biology and virology studies.Keywords: categorical data, ternary diagram, statistical significance, confidence interval, chi-squareIntroductionExperimental data in biology typically fall into three major classes. Class I and Class II data are quantitative in nature. Class I comes from the measurements of continuous variables; for example, measuring the tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts, which can yield numbers of any value such as 52.1 mm3 or 67.2 mm3. Class II comes from the measuremen
Error bars in experimental biology. Cumming G, Fidler F, Vaux DL. J Cell Biol. 2007 Apr 9; 177(1):7-11 Recommended by Toshihiro Horii and Nirianne Palacpac 25 Apr 2014 | Confirmation, General Interest, Good for Teaching This 2007 publication stresses a very important point: manuscripts do not only present new findings, but should be able to present data that can allow the readers to evaluate on their own the authors' conclusions. Error bars are useful - they can be used to provide information about the http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021327/ data being presented and also give information about the soundness of the authors' reasoning. Thus, although presented in the same way, these... To read the rest of this recommendation and access over 145,000 article recommendations from 3,700+ journals across biomedicine, register for a month’s FREE TRIAL and create your personalized F1000Prime homepage. Institutional Subscriptions Send a http://f1000.com/prime/1081905 recommendation to your institution's librarian or information manager to request an extended free trial for all users at your institution. What is F1000Prime? Over 145,000 recommendations of top articles in biology and medicine, contributed by the F1000 Faculty. Covering more than 3,700 peer-reviewed journals and updated daily, the data are easily navigated by subject area or advanced search. Unique tools allow creation of highly personalized article feeds and alerts to provide users with the most relevant and up-to-date content from F1000Prime and PubMed too. The Faculty The F1000 Faculty selects, rates, and reviews articles they consider worthy of inclusion in F1000Prime to help you filter the mass of biomedical literature. It comprises more than 5,000 expert scientists and clinical researchers nominated by their peers, and includes Nobel Laureates, Lasker Award winners and Fellows of the Royal Society. Customize F1000Prime Personalized homepage: for quick access to the most relevant F1000Prime article recommendations, plus relevant articles as soon as they are published. Follow articles and Faculty Members: pinpoi
payment (see right).nature.com > Journal home > Table of Contents Research Highlights Nature Methods 4, 472 (2007) doi:10.1038/nmeth0607-472bData analysis Article Tools Send to a friend Export citationExport referencesRights http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v4/n6/full/nmeth0607-472b.html and permissions Order commercial reprints To read this story http://barricklab.org/twiki/bin/view/Lab/ProtocolsGraphGuide in full you will need to login or make a payment (see right). MORE ARTICLES LIKE THIS These links to content published by NPG are automatically generated.NEWS AND VIEWSLa sets the tone for telomerase assemblyNature Structural & Molecular Biology News and Views error bars (01 Apr 2007)Structural biology Protein dynamics from disorderNature News and Views (25 Jun 2009)See all 3 matches for News And Views I want to purchase this article Price: $8 Purchase now I want to subscribe to Nature Methods Subscribe now I want to rent this article Rent this article from DeepDyve Personal subscribers to error bars in Nature Methods can view this article. To do this, associate your subscription with your registration via the My Account page. If you already have an active subscription, login here to your nature.com account. View our privacy policy and use of cookies. If you do not have access to the article you require, you can purchase the article (see below) or access it through a site license. Institutions can add additional archived content to their license at any time. Recommend site license access to your institution. Login via your institution Login via OpenAthens Log in Email: Password: save your password What happens if I save my password Forgotten your password You can request this document from a number of document delivery services British Library Document Supply Centre Infotrieve Thomson ISI Document Delivery You can also request this document from your local library through inter library loan services. Top Nature Methods ISSN: 1548-7091 EISSN: 1548-7105 About us Contact us A
Adobe Illustrator. As an example... Things to do in Excel before exporting Change the font of all labels to Arial or Helvetica Resize symbols and fonts so that they look good in proportion. Remove all grid lines. Outline the graph area with a box. Change all line widths (axes, box) to 1 point. Remove the border around the whole graph area. Remove all shadow effects. This is a figure created in Microsoft Excel of two sets of fitness measurements. This is the final figure created by importing this graph into Adobe Illustrator. Notice: The line widths of error bars and ticks have been further adjusted for better visibility. Shadow effects have been removed. The legend has been expanded. Horizontal lines showing the averages of each time series have been added. The names have been changed from abstruse strain numbers into simple numbering. A panel describing the overall experiment has been added. General Guidelines for Figures Fonts Always use Arial (or Helvetica). Avoid font sizes smaller than 6 pts as much as possible. Generally label figure subparts with capital bold letters of 12-14 pt size. Use CMYK color. This is what journals use for print copies. Blues, in particular, look much different than in RGB space. Generally, DO NOT use: Shadows, halos, etc., or other shading effects. Be aware that this is the default in many Microsoft programs. Cross-hashing. There can be odd effects when printing close cross-hashes. More than one kind of dashed line. What type of graph should I use for my data? Types of data Relative fitness Expression levels Mutation rates Don't use bar graphs when a log scale is the natural scale. What type of error bars should I use for my data? See this helpful article for differences between standard deviation, standard error, and confidence intervals: Cumming G, Fidler F, Vaux DL. 2007. Error bars in experimental biology. J. Cell Biol. 177:7–11. «PubMed» Use 95% confidence intervals when comparing sets of measurements on a graph (e.g., fitness values). Use standard deviations when graphing values where you merely want to show the range of values observed across several replicates (e.g., OD values at one point on a growth curve). Using Excel to Create Graphs Differences from Excel defaults Remove black box from the outside of the graph. Remove horizontal dividing lines. Outline graph area and make axes use 1 pt black lines. Change the default font to Arial or Helvetica before exporting. Other fonts (including the Calibri default!) can change into random symbols when loading into Illustrator. Creating Figures in A