Logging Measurement Error
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systemic bias This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material error in logarithmic functions may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and logarithmic error bars when to remove this template message) "Measurement error" redirects here. It is not to be
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confused with Measurement uncertainty. A scientist adjusts an atomic force microscopy (AFM) device, which is used to measure surface characteristics and imaging for semiconductor wafers, lithography
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masks, magnetic media, CDs/DVDs, biomaterials, optics, among a multitude of other samples. Observational error (or measurement error) is the difference between a measured value of quantity and its true value.[1] In statistics, an error is not a "mistake". Variability is an inherent part of things being measured and of the measurement process. error propagation log base 10 Measurement errors can be divided into two components: random error and systematic error.[2] Random errors are errors in measurement that lead to measurable values being inconsistent when repeated measures of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. Systematic errors are errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by an inaccuracy (as of observation or measurement) inherent in the system.[3] Systematic error may also refer to an error having a nonzero mean, so that its effect is not reduced when observations are averaged.[4] Contents 1 Overview 2 Science and experiments 3 Systematic versus random error 4 Sources of systematic error 4.1 Imperfect calibration 4.2 Quantity 4.3 Drift 5 Sources of random error 6 Surveys 7 See also 8 Further reading 9 References Overview[edit] This article or section may need to be cleaned up. It has been merged from Measurement uncertainty. There are two types of measurement error: systematic errors and
from GoogleSign inHidden fieldsBooksbooks.google.comhttps://books.google.com/books/about/Log_Data_Acquisition_and.html?id=OLsyUCCdNhsC&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareLog Data Acquisition and...My libraryHelpAdvanced Book SearchGet print bookNo eBook availableAmazon.comBarnes&Noble.comBooks-A-MillionIndieBoundFind in a libraryAll sellers»Get Textbooks on Google PlayRent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Read, highlight,
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and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone.Go to Google how to find log error in physics Play Now »Log Data Acquisition and...Philippe P. TheysEditions OPHRYS 0 Reviewshttps://books.google.com/books/about/Log_Data_Acquisition_and.html?id=OLsyUCCdNhsC Preview this book » What uncertainty logarithm base 10 people are saying-Write a reviewWe haven't found any reviews in the usual places.Selected pagesTitle PageTable of ContentsIndexReferencesContentsIV1 V3 VI4 VII5 IX7 X9 XI19 XII21 LXXX220 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error LXXXI227 LXXXIII228 LXXXIV233 LXXXV234 LXXXVI236 LXXXVII238 LXXXVIII242 MoreXIII23 XIV24 XV25 XVI28 XVII33 XIX36 XX37 XXI42 XXII45 XXIII46 XXIV47 XXV48 XXVI56 XXVII61 XXVIII69 XXIX71 XXX73 XXXI75 XXXII76 XXXIV77 XXXV79 XXXVII81 XXXVIII83 XXXIX87 XL90 XLI95 XLII99 XLIII101 XLIV103 XLV107 XLVI109 XLVII113 XLVIII117 XLIX120 L124 LI130 LII133 LIII134 LIV135 LV139 LVI140 LVII142 LVIII144 LIX147 LX151 https://books.google.com/books?id=OLsyUCCdNhsC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=logging+measurement+error&source=bl&ots=I2SusMUCGf&sig=uRecrkX-a88OZlYwx42EsZOeMsY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwirnOSo_uDPAhXn7oMKHfzCAo4Q6AEIOTAD LXI153 LXII159 LXIII160 LXIV161 LXV164 LXVI167 LXVII175 LXVIII176 LXIX177 LXX180 LXXI186 LXXII190 LXXIII191 LXXIV192 LXXV199 LXXVI203 LXXVII211 LXXVIII212 LXXIX217 LXXXIX248 XC259 XCI262 XCII269 XCIII273 XCIV274 XCV275 XCVI277 XCVII286 XCVIII292 XCIX293 C294 CI297 CII299 CIII301 CIV304 CV307 CVI309 CVII310 CVIII314 CIX321 CX325 CXI326 CXII330 CXIII331 CXV333 CXVI334 CXVII337 CXVIII339 CXIX340 CXX343 CXXI344 CXXII346 CXXIII348 CXXIV349 CXXV353 CXXVII359 CXXVIII361 CXXIX362 CXXX364 CXXXI373 CXXXII374 CXXXIII375 CXXXIV376 CXXXV380 CXXXVI385 CXXXVII386 CXXXVIII394 CXXXIX395 CXL398 CXLI407 CXLII413 CXLIV416 CXLV420 CXLVI423 CXLVII428 CXLIX431 CL433 CLI437 CLII439 CLIII447 CLIV449 Copyright LessOther editions - View allLog Data Acquisition and Quality ControlPhilippe P. TheysLimited preview - 1999Log data acquisition and quality controlPhilippe P. TheysSnippet view - 1991Common terms and phrasesaccuracy accuracy and precision acquisition Anadrill analysis annual logging symposium barite borehole cable calibration caliper characteristics computed core corresponds counting rates Courtesy of Schlumberger Courtesy of SPWLA curves data quality density logging depth matching depth of investigation derived detector device diameter downhole dr
of the bole or branches of a standing tree, the parts are called logs. Measuring the volume of such logs accurately is not easy as the logs are irregular in cross section and profile. The only accurate method http://fennerschool-associated.anu.edu.au/mensuration/BrackandWood1998/LOGS.HTM of measurement is by water displacement in a xylometer but this is generally impractical and is impossible for logs in standing trees. Thus, volume has to be determined by other means which involve measuring log diameter and length and making assumptions about log shape. Primary measurements to be considered are: length; diameter; volume; weight. Although weight measurement is being used increasingly for sale of logs, particularly in the radiata pine industry, a majority error bars of sawlog sales are still on a volume basis. Methods of deriving log volume are therefore still important. Log length Log length is measured in metres and decimetres, the precision of measurement depending on the use to be made of the figures. Length may be measured directly by placing a copy of the basic unit of length against the log, e.g. a graduated tape measure made of linen, steel or plastic; or it error bars on may be measured indirectly by scale stick, revolving wheel, photogrammetrically, infra-red scanning, etc. Care must be taken to ensure that: instruments are not biased; measurements are taken along the correct plane; correct precision of measurement is adopted. Log diameter Log diameter is measured in cm. Again the precision of measurement depends on the use to be made of the figures. Measurement can be direct or indirect. Direct measurements can be made at the ends of logs with rulers and at intermediate points with calipers (two readings at right angles should be made unless a large number of logs is involved). Indirect measurements can be made with a diameter tape (graduated in PI units), Biltmore stick, photogrammetrically, infra-red scanner, etc. Diameter tapes for log measurement are usually made of steel. They should be wound tightly around the circumference of the log in a plane at right angles to the long axis of the log. Sectional area (recorded in m^2) is usually needed to derive log volume and is derived from calculations on the measurements of diameter. Errors in assuming that the log cross-section is circular can be judged from the table below. Table 1 Cross-sectional area (SA) of elliptical cross sections estimated in various ways. Figures are based on two values of each of maximum (d1) and minimum (d
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