Determination Of Error
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it. In doing this it is crucial to understand that all measurements of physical quantities are subject to uncertainties. It is never possible to measure anything exactly. It is good, of course, to
Determination Of Error In Individual Discharge Measurements
make the error as small as possible but it is always there. And in error propagation order to draw valid conclusions the error must be indicated and dealt with properly. Take the measurement of a person's height
Error Analysis
as an example. Assuming that her height has been determined to be 5' 8", how accurate is our result? Well, the height of a person depends on how straight she stands, whether she just got systematic error up (most people are slightly taller when getting up from a long rest in horizontal position), whether she has her shoes on, and how long her hair is and how it is made up. These inaccuracies could all be called errors of definition. A quantity such as height is not exactly defined without specifying many other circumstances. Even if you could precisely specify the "circumstances," your result would still have an error calculation error associated with it. The scale you are using is of limited accuracy; when you read the scale, you may have to estimate a fraction between the marks on the scale, etc. If the result of a measurement is to have meaning it cannot consist of the measured value alone. An indication of how accurate the result is must be included also. Indeed, typically more effort is required to determine the error or uncertainty in a measurement than to perform the measurement itself. Thus, the result of any physical measurement has two essential components: (1) A numerical value (in a specified system of units) giving the best estimate possible of the quantity measured, and (2) the degree of uncertainty associated with this estimated value. For example, a measurement of the width of a table would yield a result such as 95.3 +/- 0.1 cm. Significant Figures The significant figures of a (measured or calculated) quantity are the meaningful digits in it. There are conventions which you should learn and follow for how to express numbers so as to properly indicate their significant figures. Any digit that is not zero is significant. Thus 549 has three significant figures and 1.892 has four significant figures. Zeros between non zero digits are
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Error Calculation Physics
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Standard Error Calculation
Export Advanced search Close This document does not have an outline. JavaScript is disabled on your browser. Please enable JavaScript to use all the features on this http://teacher.nsrl.rochester.edu/phy_labs/AppendixB/AppendixB.html page. Solar Energy Volume 36, Issue 6, 1986, Pages 535-550 ArticleDetermination of error tolerances for the optical design of parabolic troughs for developing countries Author links open the overlay panel. Numbers correspond to the affiliation list which can be exposed by using the show more link. Opens overlay Halil M. Güven Department of Mechanical Engineering, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038092X86900186 San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA Opens overlay Richard B. Bannerot Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston-University Park, Houston, Texas 77004, USA Available online 7 August 2003 Show more Choose an option to locate/access this article: Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution. Check access Purchase Sign in using your ScienceDirect credentials Username: Password: Remember me Not Registered? Forgotten username or password? OpenAthens login Login via your institution Other institution login doi:10.1016/0038-092X(86)90018-6 Get rights and content AbstractA study is presented where potential optical errors in parabolic troughs are divided into two groups: random and nonrandom. Small-scale slope errors, mirror specularity, apparent changes in sun's width, and small occasional tracking errors are classified as random errors. Reflector profile errors, misalignment of the receiver with the effective focus of the reflector, and misalignment of the trough with the sun are classified as nonrandom errors. Random errors are analyzed using statistics and assuming a n
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