3/4 Error Correction
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is useful (non-redundant). That is, if the code rate is k/n, for every k bits of useful information, the coder generates totally n bits of data, of which n-k are
Forward Error Correction Rate
redundant. If R is the gross bitrate or data signalling rate (inclusive code rate definition of redundant error coding), the net bitrate (the useful bit rate exclusive of error-correction codes) is ≤ R•k/n. For example: fec 3/4 The code rate of a convolutional code may typically be 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, etc., corresponding to that one redundant bit is inserted after every single, second, third, etc., bit.
Error Correction And Detection
The code rate of the Reed Solomon block code denoted RS(204,188) is 188/204, corresponding to that 204 - 188 = 16 redundant bytes are added to each block of 188 bytes of useful information. A few error correction codes do not have a fixed code rate -- rateless erasure codes. Note that bit/s is a more widespread unit of measurement for the information rate,
Code Rate In Lte
implying that it is synonymous to net bit rate or useful bit rate exclusive of error-correction codes. See also[edit] Information rate Source information rate (Entropy rate) References[edit] ^ Huffman, W. Cary, and Pless, Vera, Fundamentals of Error-Correcting Codes, Cambridge, 2003. This computer science article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Code_rate&oldid=672691342" Categories: Information theoryRatesComputer science stubsHidden categories: All stub articles Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleDonate to WikipediaWikipedia store Interaction HelpAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact page Tools What links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkPage informationWikidata itemCite this page Print/export Create a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version Languages DeutschעבריתPortuguês中文 Edit links This page was last modified on 23 July 2015, at 06:35. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In information theory and forward error correction 3/4 coding theory with applications in computer science and telecommunication, error detection and
Error Correction Techniques
correction or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication channels. forward error correction tutorial Many communication channels are subject to channel noise, and thus errors may be introduced during transmission from the source to a receiver. Error detection techniques allow detecting such errors, while https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_rate error correction enables reconstruction of the original data in many cases. Contents 1 Definitions 2 History 3 Introduction 4 Implementation 5 Error detection schemes 5.1 Repetition codes 5.2 Parity bits 5.3 Checksums 5.4 Cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) 5.5 Cryptographic hash functions 5.6 Error-correcting codes 6 Error correction 6.1 Automatic repeat request (ARQ) 6.2 Error-correcting code 6.3 Hybrid schemes 7 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction Applications 7.1 Internet 7.2 Deep-space telecommunications 7.3 Satellite broadcasting (DVB) 7.4 Data storage 7.5 Error-correcting memory 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links Definitions[edit] The general definitions of the terms are as follows: Error detection is the detection of errors caused by noise or other impairments during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. Error correction is the detection of errors and reconstruction of the original, error-free data. History[edit] The modern development of error-correcting codes in 1947 is due to Richard W. Hamming.[1] A description of Hamming's code appeared in Claude Shannon's A Mathematical Theory of Communication[2] and was quickly generalized by Marcel J. E. Golay.[3] Introduction[edit] The general idea for achieving error detection and correction is to add some redundancy (i.e., some extra data) to a message, which receivers can use to check consistency of the delivered message, and to recover data determined to be corrupted. Error-detection and correction schemes can be either systematic or non-systematic: In a systematic scheme, the transmitter sends the original data, and attaches a f
Boards Communications Components DSPs Dev Tools Digital ICs Displays Electromechanical Embedded FPGAs Interconnects IoT Memory http://electronicdesign.com/communications/use-forward-error-correction-improve-data-communications Microcontrollers Microprocessors Passives Power Power Sources Test & Measurement WiFi https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5510 Windows iOS NewsProducts Trends & Analysis Image Galleries MarketsAutomotive Defense Energy Lighting Medical Mobile Robotics Learning ResourcesEngineering Essentials Design Solutions What’s The Difference Between… Ideas for Design Salary Survey Salary Calculator White Papers Basics of Design eBooks Webcasts 2016 Leaders in error correction Electronics Design FAQs Data Sheets Reference Designs 11 Myths About... Electronic Design Library CommunityBlogs Bob Pease Contributing Technical Experts Engineering Hall of Fame Interviews Our Editors STEM Starter Tournament Pop Quizzes Engineering Bracket Challenge CompaniesCompany Directory Part Search Advertisement Home > Technologies > Communications > Use Forward Error Correction To Improve Data forward error correction Communications Use Forward Error Correction To Improve Data Communications Data-intensive consumer and business applications are driving the need for speed and accuracy in data communication systems. Aug 21, 2000 Contributing Author | Electronic Design EMAIL Tweet Comments 0 As bandwidth demands increase and the tolerance for errors and latency decreases, designers of data-communication systems are looking for new ways to expand available bandwidth and improve the quality of transmission. One solution isn't actually new, but has been around for a while. Nevertheless, it could prove quite useful. Called forward error correction (FEC), this design technology has been used for years to enable efficient, high-quality data communication over noisy channels, such as those found in satellite and digital cellular-communications applications. Recently, there have been significant advances in FEC technology that allow today's systems to approach the Shannon limit. Theoretically, this is the maximum level of information content for any given channel. These adva
Technology April 2009 Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English. Lacan, et al. Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 5510 Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction April 2009 Abstract This document describes a Fully-Specified Forward Error Correction (FEC) Scheme for the Reed-Solomon FEC codes over GF(2^^m), where m is in {2..16}, and its application to the reliable delivery of data objects on the packet erasure channel (i.e., a communication path where packets are either received without any corruption or discarded during transmission). This document also describes a Fully-Specified FEC Scheme for the special case of Reed-Solomon codes over GF(2^^8) when there is no encoding symbol group. Finally, in the context of the Under-Specified Small Block Systematic FEC Scheme (FEC Encoding ID 129), this document assigns an FEC Instance ID to the special case of Reed-Solomon codes over GF(2^^8). Reed-Solomon codes belong to the class of Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) codes, i.e., they ena