Error Resilient Wiki
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see AAC. Advanced Audio Coding Filename extension .m4a, .m4b, .m4p, .m4v, .m4r, .3gp, .mp4, .aac Internet mediatype audio/aac, audio/aacp, audio/3gpp, audio/3gpp2, audio/mp4, audio/mp4a-latm, audio/mpeg4-generic Developedby resilient flooring wiki Bell Labs, Fraunhofer Institute, Dolby Labs, Sony and Nokia Initial release 1997;
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19years ago(1997)[1] Type of format Audio compression format, Lossy compression Containedby MPEG-4 Part 14, 3GP and 3G2, ISO base media error resilient meaning file format and Audio Data Interchange Format (ADIF) Standard ISO/IEC 13818-7, ISO/IEC 14496-3 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor optimistic wiki of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates.[2] AAC has been standardized by ISO and IEC, as part of the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 specifications.[3][4] Part of the AAC known as High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) which is part of MPEG-4 Audio is also adopted into digital radio standards like DAB+ and Digital Radio Mondiale, as well
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as mobile television standards DVB-H and ATSC-M/H. AAC supports inclusion of 48 full-bandwidth (up to 96kHz) audio channels in one stream plus 16 low frequency effects (LFE, limited to 120Hz) channels, up to 16 "coupling" or dialog channels, and up to 16 data streams. The quality for stereo is satisfactory to modest requirements at 96kbit/s in joint stereo mode; however, hi-fi transparency demands data rates of at least 128kbit/s (VBR). The MPEG-2 audio tests showed that AAC meets the requirements referred to as "transparent" for the ITU at 128kbit/s for stereo, and 320kbit/s for 5.1 audio. AAC is the default or standard audio format for YouTube, iPhone, iPod, iPad, Nintendo DSi, Nintendo 3DS, iTunes, DivX Plus Web Player and PlayStation 3. It is supported on PlayStation Vita, Wii (with the Photo Channel 1.1 update installed), Sony Walkman MP3 series and later, Android and BlackBerry. AAC is also supported by manufacturers of in-dash car audio systems.[when?][vague] Contents 1 History 1.1 Standardization 1.2 AAC's improvements over MP3 2 How AAC works 2.1 Modular encoding 2.2 AAC error protection toolkit 2.3 Error Resilient (ER) AAC 2.4 AAC Low Delay 3 Licensing and patents 4
neural networks. This is a first-order optimization algorithm. This algorithm was created by Martin Riedmiller and Heinrich Braun in 1992.[1] Similarly to the Manhattan update rule, Rprop takes into account only the sign of liberal wiki the partial derivative over all patterns (not the magnitude), and acts independently on reciprocity wiki each "weight". For each weight, if there was a sign change of the partial derivative of the total error function
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compared to the last iteration, the update value for that weight is multiplied by a factor η−, where η−<1. If the last iteration produced the same sign, the update value is multiplied by a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding factor of η+, where η+>1. The update values are calculated for each weight in the above manner, and finally each weight is changed by its own update value, in the opposite direction of that weight's partial derivative, so as to minimise the total error function. η+ is empirically set to 1.2 and η− to0.5. Next to the cascade correlation algorithm and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, Rprop is one https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rprop of the fastest weight update mechanisms. RPROP is a batch update algorithm. Variations[edit] Martin Riedmiller developed three algorithms, all named RPROP. Igel and Hüsken assigned names to them and added a new variant:[2] [3] RPROP+ is defined at A Direct Adaptive Method for Faster Backpropagation Learning: The RPROP Algorithm.[4] RPROP− is defined at Advanced Supervised Learning in Multi-layer Perceptrons – From Backpropagation to Adaptive Learning Algorithms. Backtracking is removed from RPROP+.[5] iRPROP− is defined in Rprop – Description and Implementation Details[6] and was reinvented by Igel and Hüsken.[3] This variant is very popular and most simple. iRPROP+ is defined at Improving the Rprop Learning Algorithm and is very robust and typically faster than the other three variants.[2][3] References[edit] ^ Martin Riedmiller und Heinrich Braun: Rprop - A Fast Adaptive Learning Algorithm. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer and Information Science VII, 1992 ^ a b Christian Igel and Michael Hüsken. Improving the Rprop Learning Algorithm. Second International Symposium on Neural Computation (NC 2000), pp. 115-121, ICSC Academic Press, 2000 ^ a b c Christian Igel and Michael Hüsken. Empirical Evaluation of the Improved Rprop Learning Algorithm. Neurocomputing 50:105-123, 2003 ^ Martin Riedmiller and Heinrich Braun. A direct ad
von GoogleAnmeldenAusgeblendete FelderBooksbooks.google.de - This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the https://books.google.com/books?id=wyTkDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&lpg=PA162&dq=error+resilient+wiki&source=bl&ots=7yGRmYlO5U&sig=N925L3ylvr9hnxbyWj83HbW4_L8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgwreP6dLPAhUY24MKHUVTBnwQ6AEIUDAH IFIP WG 13.2/13.5 Joint Working Conferences: 6th International Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering, HCSE 2016, and 8th International Conference on Human Error, Safety, and System Development, HESSD 2016, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in...https://books.google.de/books/about/Human_Centered_and_Error_Resilient_Syste.html?hl=de&id=wyTkDAAAQBAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareHuman-Centered and Error-Resilient error resilient Systems DevelopmentMeine BücherHilfeErweiterte BuchsucheE-Book kaufen - 55,80 €Nach Druckexemplar suchenSpringer ShopAmazon.deBuch.deBuchkatalog.deLibri.deWeltbild.deIn Bücherei suchenAlle Händler»Human-Centered and Error-Resilient Systems Development: IFIP WG 13.2/13.5 Joint Working Conference, 6th International Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering, HCSE 2016, and 8th International Conference error resilient wiki on Human Error, Safety, and System Development, HESSD 2016, Stockholm, Sweden, August 29-31, 2016, ProceedingsCristian Bogdan, Jan Gulliksen, Stefan Sauer, Peter Forbrig, Marco Winckler, Chris Johnson, Philippe Palanque, Regina Bernhaupt, Filip KisSpringer, 22.08.2016 - 383 Seiten 0 Rezensionenhttps://books.google.de/books/about/Human_Centered_and_Error_Resilient_Syste.html?hl=de&id=wyTkDAAAQBAJThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP WG 13.2/13.5 Joint Working Conferences: 6th International Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering, HCSE 2016, and 8th International Conference on Human Error, Safety, and System Development, HESSD 2016, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 2016.The 11 full papers and 14 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover various topics such as integration of software engineering and user-
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