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(all) Arhitektura i urbanizam Brodogradnja Elektrotehnika Geodezija Građevinarstvo Grafička tehnologija Kemijsko inženjerstvo Metalurgija Računarstvo Rudarstvo, nafta i geološko inženjerstvo Strojarstvo error in substantia definition Tehnologija prometa i transport Tekstilna tehnologija Zrakoplovstvo, raketna i error in negotio svemirska tehnika Temeljne tehničke znanosti Interdisciplinarne tehničke znanosti Biomedicina i zdravstvo Biomedicina i zdravstvo error in persona (all) Temeljne medicinske znanosti Kliničke medicinske znanosti Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita Veterinarska medicina Dentalna medicina Farmacija Biotehničke znanosti Biotehničke znanosti (all) Poljoprivreda (agronomija) Šumarstvo Drvna tehnologija Biotehnologija Prehrambena tehnologija Nutricionizam Interdisciplinarne biotehničke znanosti Društvene znanosti Društvene znanosti (all) Ekonomija Pravo Politologija Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti Sociologija Psihologija Pedagogija Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijske znanosti Logopedija Kineziologija Demografija Socijalne djelatnosti Sigurnosne i obrambene znanosti Interdisciplinarne društvene znanosti Humanističke znanosti Humanističke znanosti (all) Filozofija Teologija Filologija Povijest Povijest umjetnosti Znanost o umjetnosti Arheologija Etnologija i antropologija Religijske znanosti (interdisciplinarno polje) Interdisciplinarne humanističke znanosti Umjetničko područje Umjetničko područje (all) Kazališna umjetnost (scenske i medijske umjetnosti) Filmska umjetnost (filmske, elektroničke i medijske umjetnosti pokretnih slika) Glazbena umjetnost Likovne umjetnosti Primijenjena umjetnost Plesna umjetnost i umjetnost pokreta Dizajn Književnost Interdisciplinarno umjetničko polje Interdisciplinarna područja znanosti Interdisciplinarna područja znanosti (all) Kognitivna znanost (prirodne, tehničke, biomedicina i zdravstvo, društvene i humanističke znanosti) Geografija Integrativna bioetika (prirodne, tehničke, biomedicina i zdravstvo, biotehničke, društvene, humanističke znanosti) Kroatologija Obrazovne znanosti (psihologija odgoja i obrazovanja, sociologija obrazovanja, politologija obrazovanja, ekonomika obrazovanja, antropologija obrazovanja, neuroznanost i rano učenje, pedagoške discipline) Rodni studiji Biotehnologija u biomedicini (prirodno područje, biomedicina i zdravstvo, biotehničko područje) Projektni menadžment Interdisciplinarna područja umjetnosti Interdisciplinarna područja umjetnosti (all) Uredništva Posjećenost časopisa Statusi časopisa Interoperabilnost
Health Search databasePMCAll DatabasesAssemblyBioProjectBioSampleBioSystemsBooksClinVarCloneConserved DomainsdbGaPdbVarESTGeneGenomeGEO DataSetsGEO ProfilesGSSGTRHomoloGeneMedGenMeSHNCBI Web SiteNLM CatalogNucleotideOMIMPMCPopSetProbeProteinProtein ClustersPubChem BioAssayPubChem CompoundPubChem SubstancePubMedPubMed HealthSNPSRAStructureTaxonomyToolKitToolKitAllToolKitBookToolKitBookghUniGeneSearch termSearch Advanced Journal list Help Journal ListEurope PMC Author ManuscriptsPMC2564111 Mol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 Oct 8.Published in final edited form as:Mol Psychiatry. 2008 Mar; 13(3): 239–276. Published online 2007 Aug 7. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002058PMCID: PMC2564111EMSID: http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=112158&lang=en UKMS772Substantia nigra/ventral tegmental reward prediction error disruption in psychosisGK Murray,1,2,3 PR Corlett,1,3 L Clark,3 M Pessiglione,4 AD Blackwell,1 G Honey,1,3 PB Jones,1,2 ET Bullmore,1,2,3 TW Robbins,3 and PC Fletcher1,31Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2CAMEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564111/ Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK 3Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK 4Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Pavillon Claude Bernard, 47 Bd de l’Hôpital, Paris, France Correspondence: Dr GK Murray, Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 255, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. E-mail: ku.ca.mac@582mgAuthor information ► Copyright and License information ►Copyright notice and DisclaimerThe publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Mol PsychiatrySee other articles in PMC that cite the published article.AbstractWhile dopamine systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and psychosis for many years, how dopamine dysfunction generates psychotic symptoms remains unknown. Recent theoretical interest has been directed at relating the known role of midbrain dopamine neurons in reinforcement learning, mo
to the Editor Email Alerts Author Instructions About The Journal Archive of all Online Issues Cover Image Archive Cover Video Archive About The Journal of Neuroscience Contact Us Subscription Services Advertising Rates For http://www.jneurosci.org/content/26/22/6077.long the Media Permissions Most Read Articles Most Cited Articles Collections Advertisement « Previous http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/4/260.full Table of Contents Next Article » Brief Communications Role of Substantia Nigra–Amygdala Connections in Surprise-Induced Enhancement of Attention Hongjoo J. Lee, Jina M. Youn, Mary J. O, Michela Gallagher, and Peter C. Holland Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 Next Section Abstract Coding of prediction error by error in midbrain dopamine neurons has been examined extensively in the framework of associative learning theory. Most of this research has focused on the role of prediction error in determining the reinforcement value of unconditioned stimuli: poorly predicted (“surprising”) outcomes are more effective reinforcers and produce a greater dopamine response than well predicted outcomes. However, surprise also enhances attention to cues that signal poorly predicted outcomes. Previous reports error in substantia from our laboratories demonstrated that circuitry, including the amygdala central nucleus (CeA), the cholinergic neurons of the substantia innominata/nucleus basalis region, and their innervation of the posterior parietal cortex, is critical to these surprise-induced enhancements of attention in associative learning. The present study considered the origin of prediction error information important for the operation of this system by examining the effects of disrupting communication between the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the CeA. Rats received unilateral lesions of the SNc and lesions of the CeA in either the contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere. Contralateral lesions eliminated the surprise-induced enhancement of attention and learning that was displayed by rats with ipsilateral control lesions. These results show that SNc–CeA communication is critical to mechanisms by which the coding of prediction error by midbrain dopamine neurons is translated into enhancement of attention and learning modulated by the cholinergic system. amygdala central nucleus substantia nigra attention associative learning prediction error surprise Previous SectionNext Section Introduction The midbrain dopamine (DA) cells, mainly located in the substantia nigra zona compacta (SNc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are shown to code prediction error in reward (Schultz et al., 1997). DA c
J. Y. Mizumori2,3 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA 2Psychology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Next Section Abstract The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) may provide modulatory signals that, respectively, influence hippocampal (HPC)- and striatal-dependent memory. Electrophysiological studies investigating neural correlates of learning and memory of dopamine (DA) neurons during classical conditioning tasks have found DA neural activity in VTA and SNc to be tightly coupled with reinforcement expectations. Also, VTA integrity and DA in HPC have been found to regulate the encoding of HPC-dependent memories. Therefore, to determine the nature of the neural code HPC may receive from midbrain DA regions, the present study investigated VTA and SNc neural activity as navigating rats engaged in new spatial learning and experienced changes in expected goal locations. VTA and SNc cells were differentially engaged during training to a series of three novel goal locations. During task acquisition, the peak firing rates of VTA neurons decreased at the time of reward and shifted to time points before reward retrieval, whereas the peak firing rates of SNc neurons remained elevated at the time of reward during training to all three goal locations. Both VTA and SNc egocentric coding was strongest during training to the first goal location, which coincided with the time subjects learned the behavioral rules specific to the task. These data imply that VTA and SNc play complementary yet distinct roles in spatial learning to optimize adaptive behavior. Dopamine (DA) is a neuromodulator that is known to regulate several forms of learning and memory. The DA system has been studied extensively in terms of its involvement in stimulus–response learning, reinforcement learning, working memory, and spatial memory. DA-producing neurons are found in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Ungerstedt 1971), and VTA and SNc, respectively, project to limbic and frontostriatal structures that are necessary for different mnemonic systems. These widespread