Fundamental Attribution Error Terrorism
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navigation ← Previous Next → The "Fundamental Attribution Error" and SuicideTerrorism Posted on June 20, 2014 by David Funder Review of: Lankford, A. (2013) The myth of martyrdom: What really drives suicide bombers, attribution error example rampage shooters, and other self-destructive killers. Palgrave Macmillan. In Press, Behavioral and Brain
Attribution Error Definition
Sciences (published version may differ slightly) In 1977, the social psychologist Lee Ross coined the term “fundamental attribution error” to situational attribution describe the putative tendency of people to overestimate the importance of dispositional causes of behavior, such as personality traits and political attitudes, and underestimate the importance of situational causes, such as social pressure
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or objective circumstances. Over the decades since, the term has firmly rooted itself into the conventional wisdom of social psychology, to the point where it is sometimes identified as the field's basic insight (Ross & Nisbett 2011). However, the actual research evidence purporting to demonstrate this error is surprisingly weak (see, e.g., Funder 1982; Funder & Fast 2010; Krueger & Funder 2004), and at least one well-documented error (the “false consensus bias” (Ross 1977a) implies that people overestimate the degree to which their behavior is determined by the situation. Moreover, everyday counter-examples are not difficult to formulate. Consider the last time you tried, in an argument, to change someone’s attitude. Was it easier, or harder than you expected? Therapeutic interventions and major social programs intended to correct dispositional problems, such as tendencies towards violence or alcoholism also are generally less successful than anticipated. Work supervisors and even parents, who have a great deal of control over the situations experienced by their employees or children, similarly find it surprisingly difficult to control behaviors as simple as showing up on time or making one’s bed. My point is not that people never change their minds, that interventions never work, or that employers and parents have no control over employees or children; it is simply that situational influences on behavior are often weaker than expected. Even so, it would be going too far to claim that the actual “fundamental” error is the reverse, that people overestimate the importance of situational factors and underestimate the importance of dispositions. A more judicious conclusion would be that sometimes people overestimate the importanc
Jersey Politics Education Opinion Obituaries Nation/World Weather Traffic Lottery Collections•Terrorism Find More Stories About Terrorism Terrorists aren't 'crazy'By Donald G. EllisPosted: September 03, 2003After new terrorist acts in Jerusalem and Baghdad, again we are asking, "What leads a person to suicide terrorism?" Such people are described as crazed cowards driven by poverty and ignorance. But research concludes quite the contrary.From 1996 to 1999, Nasra Hassan, a Pakistani relief worker, interviewed nearly 250 failed suicide bombers, recruiters and trainers, and relatives of deceased bombers. He concluded none were desperately poor, uneducated, simple-minded or depressed. Suicide terrorists were not dysfunctional https://funderstorms.wordpress.com/2014/06/20/the-fundamental-attribution-error-and-suicide-terrorism/ and did not express "hopelessness" or a sense of "nothing to lose."President Bush, Desmond Tutu, Elie Wiesel and the Dalai Lama have all called for ending poverty and hopelessness, as well as improving education. But such solutions are based on the rational-choice theories of economists and criminologists.These theories hold that individuals choose violence or crime if the rewards exceed the probability of detection. But such theories do not http://articles.philly.com/2003-09-03/news/25456467_1_suicide-bombers-suicide-terrorism-new-terrorist-acts make sense for suicide terrorism. Research suggests that education is positively related to support for terrorism and that suicide bombers were less likely to live in poverty.Actually, terror and suicide attacks are an ancient practice. Josephus wrote about zealots and dagger attacks 2,000 years ago. There was the Islamic Order of Assassins during the Crusades, and Robespierre advocated terror to gain political ends during the French Revolution.In the cold language of military effectiveness, suicide terrorism is quick, efficient and cost-effective. Still, people in Western liberal democracies have trouble imagining blowing themselves up on a bus.One mistake made by Westerners is what psychologists call the "fundamental attribution error." This simply means that we have a tendency to attribute the cause of behavior to personality traits rather than situational factors at work in the larger society. Characterizing suicide bombers as demented individuals suffers from the fundamental attribution error. There is little evidence of political or religious suicide terror perpetrated by crazed and unstable individuals. So why do non-pathological individuals behave in such a way?First, suicide bombers perceive themselves as suffering from historical injustice, subservience and humiliation. The justification for these perceptions do not matter. People tend to believe that they perceive the world objectivel
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