Gender Attribution Error
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Fundamental Attribution Error Definition
to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this ultimate attribution error template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In social psychology, the fundamental attribution error, also known as the correspondence bias or attribution effect, is the tendency for people to place defensive attribution an undue emphasis on internal characteristics of the agent (character or intention), rather than external factors, in explaining another person's behavior in a given situation. This contrasts with interpreting one's own behavior, where situational factors are more easily recognized and can be taken into account. Contents 1 Examples 2 Details 3 Classic demonstration study: Jones and Harris (1967) 4 Explanations 5 Cultural differences in the error 6 Versus
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correspondence bias 7 See also 7.1 Cognitive biases 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links Examples[edit] As a simple example, consider a situation where Alice, a driver, is about to pass through an intersection. Her light turns green and she begins to accelerate, but another car drives through the red light and crosses in front of her. The fundamental attribution error may lead her to think that the driver of the other car was an unskilled or reckless driver. This will be an error if the other driver had a good reason for running the light, such as rushing a patient to the hospital. If this is the case and Alice had been driving the other car, she would have understood that the situation called for speed at the cost of safety, but when seeing it from the outside she was inclined to believe that the behavior of the other driver reflected their fundamental nature (having poor driving skills or a reckless attitude). Another example relates to a slippery path: A traveler carefully walks down a sloped path in the rain. The traveler slips and falls. The traveler believes this is a slippery path. The traveler continues more carefully. At the bottom of
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Fundamental Attribution Theory Definition
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OUT SUGGESTED TOPICS Loading... Managing up The Biases You Don’t Know You Have Susan David June 25, 2012 SAVE SHARE COMMENT TEXT SIZE PRINT The Biases You Don’t Know You Have Loading... You always thought he was a good https://hbr.org/2012/06/the-biases-you-dont-know-you-h guy. You’ve chatted with Jack, your senior manager, at company parties, attended numerous meetings with him, and talked privately in his office in recent weeks to discuss a new initiative you’ve been spear-heading. Today he made the announcement: the company is pulling the plug on your project. Naturally, you’re disappointed. But how do you feel about Jack? If you’re like many people, you’re thinking, “Now I see his true colors. All of his encouragement must have been insincere. attribution error When push comes to shove, Jack is just like the rest of the higher-ups: phony, risk-averse, and visionless.” Or is he? This scenario illustrates one of our deep-seated, and largely invisible, biases. We tend to attribute others’ behavior to fixed personality traits (i.e. “phony”, “risk-averse”), rather than considering behavior within the constraints of a situation. For example, basketball players who are made to shoot in a poorly lit gymnasium may be judged as less talented than those fundamental attribution error who are observed playing under excellent lighting. We quickly blame the player, rather than taking stock of temporary limitations. Even when we’re aware of the outside pressures people face, we often continue to see behavior as a reflection of enduring qualities. We just can’t help ourselves. This phenomenon, called the “fundamental attribution error” or “correspondence bias”, was observed 45 years ago in a psychological experiment by Ned Jones and Victor Harris, and has intrigued social psychologists ever since. In the words of Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert, “…in everyday life people seem all too willing to take each other at face value and all too reluctant to search for alternative explanations for each other’s behavior.” Gilbert proposes that the correspondence bias can be traced to four root causes. The following are ways we can — and probably do — go wrong in our understanding of Jack: We lack full awareness of Jack’s situation. We usually have incomplete information about the constraints other people face. For instance, we may learn that Jack has been an advocate for the project all along, but it has recently come under intense scrutiny from the vice president. Jack is nixing the project under duress, with regret. We have unrealistic expectations of Jack. Even if we understand that he is stuck between a rock and a hard place, we might continue to formulate strong opinions about Jack’s chara