High Refractive Error
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Care Sub-Section Eye Clinics Make an Appointment How to Find Us Eye Conditions Find a Doctor Navigation: Eye Conditions Eye Conditions Video Library FAQ "Ask the Expert" Ophthalmology Links Search the Kellogg website Navigation: Breadcrumbs refractive error in children Home Patient Care Eye Conditions Refractive Errors Refractive Errors Reviewed by Jill E. refractive error pdf Bixler, M.D. On this page: What Is a Refractive Error? Symptoms Causes Risk Factors Tests and Diagnosis Treatment and refractive error measurement Drugs Clinic Information What Is a Refractive Error? Refractive error means that the shape of your eye does not bend light correctly, resulting in a blurred image. The main types of refractive http://www.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=5fbc7fa8-e5d4-42d5-9e6d-eae8504dbc54 errors are myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (loss of near vision with age), and astigmatism. Symptoms Blurred vision Difficulty reading or seeing up close Crossing of the eyes in children (esotropia) Causes Overuse of the eyes does not cause or worsen refractive error. The causes of the main types of refractive error are described below: Myopia(close objects are clear, and distant objects are blurry) Also http://kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/refractive.errors.html known as nearsightedness, myopia is usually inherited and often discovered in childhood. Myopia often progresses throughout the teenage years when the body is growing rapidly. Watch a video explaining myopia. Hyperopia (close objects are more blurry than distant objects) Also known as farsightedness, hyperopia can also be inherited. Children often have hyperopia, which may lessen in adulthood. In mild hyperopia, distance vision is clear while near vision is blurry. In more advanced hyperopia, vision can be blurred at all distances. Watch a video explaining hyperopia. Presbyopia (aging of the lens in the eye) After age 40, the lens of the eye becomes more rigid and does not flex as easily. As a result, the eye loses its focusing ability and it becomes more difficult to read at close range. This normal aging process of the lens can also be combined with myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. Watch a video explaining presbyopia. Astigmatism Astigmatism usually occurs when the front surface of the eye, the cornea, has an asymmetric curvature. Normally the cornea is smooth and equally curved in all directions, and light entering the cornea is focused equally on all planes, or in all
slideshowsWatch and learn about your health Symptom CheckerHelp diagnose common conditions MyHealthCheck and improve your health Clinical TrialsApply for a trial near you Decision AidsHelp choosing the right treatmentMedicines http://patient.info/doctor/refraction-and-refractive-errors Search health information A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZProfessional Reference Search professional reference A B C D http://www.allaboutvision.com/eye-exam/refraction.htm E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZBrowse clinical guidelines PatientPro CompleteCreate a reflective diary, track the pages you read and get ads free refractive error experience Medical Calculators Articles for medical students New leaflets and updates Decision AidsForumsDirectoryBlogsPatient Access Sign in RegisterWelcome to PatientRegisterPatient AccessPatient- MyHealth- Forums- PatientPro|Sign inPatient AccessPatient- MyHealth- Forums- PatientProMyHealth | Blogs | Shop | Symptom checker Search Patient Home Professional Reference Refraction and Refractive ErrorsRefraction and Refractive Errors 963 Users are discussing this topic Article Related Support Discuss Print PDF Email Bookmark Bookmarked Remove? CancelYou must be signed in to bookmark pagesView All NotesCancelYou must be signed high refractive error into your pro account to make notes Listen On this pageOverviewRefractive errorsAssessment of refractive errorsManagement of refractive errorsPreventionAccommodative problemsReferencesPatientPlus articles are written by UK doctors and are based on research evidence, UK and European Guidelines. They are designed for health professionals to use, so you may find the language more technical than the condition leaflets.963 See also: Long Sight (Hypermetropia) written for patientsOverviewThe purpose of the globe is to receive light from the outside world and transmit it to the brain for processing. There are two aspects to this function. In the first instance, the light rays have to be correctly focused on to the back of the eye. Then, this information has to be converted to electrochemical signals by the cells within the retina and transmitted to the brain.In optical physics, the term 'refraction' is used to describe the bending of light rays as they pass across a particular medium. Refraction - whether by natural eye tissue or of an artificial lens - is measured in dioptres (D) which describes the power that a structure has to focus parallel rays of light. The higher this value, the stronger its focusing ability. In the eye, refraction happens at the air/tear interface on the surface of the cornea (the most important site of ray refraction), by the cornea and by the lens. The accuracy of thi
often are the main reason a person seeks the services of an optometrist or ophthalmologist. But what does it really mean when we're told that our vision is blurry because we have a refractive error? We see the world around us because of the way our eyes bend (refract) light. Refractive errors are optical imperfections that prevent the eye from properly focusing light, causing blurred vision. The primary refractive errors are nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. Refractive errors usually can be "corrected" with eyeglasses or contact lenses, or they can be permanently treated with LASIK and other vision correction surgery (also called refractive surgery). FIND A DOCTOR: Do you have a refractive error? Find an eye doctor near you to have your eyes checked. > How Light Travels Through the Eye In order to see, we must have light. While we don't fully understand all the different properties of light, we do have an idea of how light travels. Watch this video on what causes blurry vision and how we can correct it. A light ray can be deflected, reflected, bent or absorbed, depending on the different substances it encounters. When light travels through water or a lens, for example, its path is bent or refracted. Certain eye structures have refractive properties similar to water or lenses and can bend light rays into a precise point of focus essential for sharp vision. Most refraction in the eye occurs when light rays travel through the curved, clear front surface of the eye (cornea). The eye's natural (crystalline) lens also bends light rays. Even the eye's tear film and internal fluids (aqueous humor and vitreous) have refractive abilities. Recommended For You Say goodbye to discomfort with ULTRA contact lenses Learn how Optometry Giving Sight helps 670 million people to see again Questions about cataracts? Find all the answers in My Cataract Journey Save 10-30% off your eye exam using the BenefitsPal™ card How the Eye Sees The process of vision begins when light rays that reflect off objects and travel through the eye's optical system are refracted and focused into